Thursday, April 19, 2012

General Psychiatry News Review - 8:43 AM 4/19/2012

 

General Psychiatry News Review - 8:43 AM 4/19/2012


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Experts have suggested a controversial psychiatric disorder may have been misdiagnosed in a large percentage of cases, according to a new study. The disorder is the highly lucrative ADHD or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity ...

by CCHR International. A study about a new “blood test” that can supposedly be used to determine teens who have “Major Depressive Disorder” is being heralded by the press as a breakthrough in legitimizing psychiatric ...


Further Evidence Found of Disturbed Immune System in Autism
Science Daily (press release)
The study was published in the April 2012 International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience. In particular, of the 29 cytokine levels analyzed, the researchers found disturbed levels in five related to the T-helper cell immune system and three ...

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Should grief be considered a mental illness?
SBS
Professor Bryant sits on committees for both the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual and the World Health Organisation's International Classification of Diseases. Both the American Psychiatric Association's (APA) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for ...

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DAWN.com

Gene Links to Memory, Brain Size Found in Global Effort
BusinessWeek
The reports, published online by the journal Nature Genetics, featured two key results. In one, the scientists were able to link certain DNA to brain size. In another, they found a gene that may be tied to the rate at which the hippocampus shrinks as ...
International team uncovers new genes that shape brain size, intelligenceUC Los Angeles
New Gene Map for Mental IllnessPsychCentral.com
Best evidence yet that a single gene can affect IQNew Scientist
Medgadget.com
all 100 news articles »


Psychiatry award recipient to present lecture on dialectical behavior therapy
BCM News
The award consists of an annual prize and lecture of international scope. Previous winners have included psychiatrists Eric Kandel, winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine, and Nora Volkow, director of the National Institute of Drug Abuse.

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1-382. 4. Chen WC Sun YH Lan TH and Chiu HJ (2009). Incidence and Risk Factors of Workplace Violence on Nursing Staffs Caring for Chronic Psychiatric Patients in Taiwan. International Journal of Environmental Research ...


USA TODAY

WHO Report Encourages Global Planning on Dementia
Medscape
In preparing the report, entitled Dementia: A Public Health Priority , the WHO commissioned reports from 4 groups of experts from the Institute of Psychiatry and King's College London, in England, and the Institute of Neurological Sciences, in India.
World Health Organization and Alzheimer's Disease International Say Dementia ...Sacramento Bee
Dementia Cases to Triple by 2050 as World AgesVoice of America

all 367 news articles »


UCSF Today

Half of Young Cigarette Smokers Also Smoke Pot: Survey
MSN Health & Fitness
Researchers from the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), say that's a big increase from the 35 percent of young adults that, in prior research, had admitted to using both marijuana and tobacco within the past month.
Marijuana Use Higher in Young Adult Smokers Than Previously ReportedScience Daily (press release)

all 14 news articles »


Sci-Tech Today

International team uncovers new genes that shape brain size, intelligence
Imperial Valley News
Published April 15 in the advance online edition of the journal Nature Genetics, the study also uncovers new genes that may explain individual differences in brain size and intelligence. "We searched for two things in this study," said senior author ...
Gene Links to Memory, Brain Size Found in Global EffortBusinessWeek
New Gene Map for Mental IllnessPsychCentral.com
Best evidence yet that a single gene can affect IQNew Scientist
Medgadget.com
all 102 news articles »


Mass Killer Calls for Norway to Institute Death Penalty
Wall Street Journal
A version of this article appeared April 19, 2012, on page A14 in some US editions of The Wall Street Journal, with the headline: Mass Killer Calls for Norway to Institute Death Penalty. This copy is for your personal, non-commercial use only.

and more »

International Society for Ethical Psychology and Psychiatry (ISEPP) Blog · ISEPP is a non-profit ... http://isepp.wordpress.com/2012/04/14/how-psychiatry-stigmatizes-depression-sufferers-personal-health-alternet/. Previous Post ..... Weight loss surgery controls type 2 diabetes for obese adults significantly better than widely used medical therapy, find two pioneering studies and an accompanying editorial recently published in the New England Journal […] April is Brain ...

International Society for Ethical Psychology and Psychiatry (ISEPP) Blog · ISEPP is a ... Robert Whitaker, Anatomy of an Epidemic:Magic Bullets, Psychiatric Drugs, and the Astonishing Rise of Mental Illness in America. Seth Farber ..... Exposure to air pollution increases the short-term risk of a heart attack and the long-term risk of a stroke, suggest two studies recently published in Journal of the American Medical Association and the Archives of Internal Medicine. […] ...

Esssential Philosophy of Psychiatry (International Perspectives in Philosophy and Psychiatry). By Brand: List Price: $55.00. Special Price: check special prices now! *Note: Prices of the product may not be the latest update. You can check latest ...


UCSF Today

Marijuana Use Higher in Young Adult Smokers Than Previously Reported
Science Daily (press release)
“We were curious whether rates would be different in our study where we reached out through social media and the Web,” said lead author Danielle Ramo, PhD, a post-doctoral scholar in the UCSF Department of Psychiatry. “And rates were much higher, ...
Half of Young Cigarette Smokers Also Smoke Pot: SurveyMSN Health & Fitness

all 16 news articles »


RedOrbit

Daily Exercise Lowers Risk Of Alzheimer's
RedOrbit
The report, published in the online issue of the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology, describes how activities done on a day-to-day basis can reduce the risk of Alzheimer's. “These results provide support for efforts to encourage all ...

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The Guardian (blog)

Anders Behring Breivik trial, day four - live updates
The Guardian (blog)
Welcome to live coverage of day four of the trial of Anders Behring Breivik. The chief judge said yesterday that today's proceedings would focus on the events leading up to 22 July last year and on the bomb that Breivik has admitted planting in the ...
Breivik thought had slim chance to survive bombingFox News
Norway mass killer Anders Behring Breivik wants death penalty or acquittalCBS News
Why does Norway's Breivik invoke the Knights Templar? (+video)Christian Science Monitor
Telegraph.co.uk -TIME
all 997 news articles »


Toronto Star

Psychiatry May Also Face Scrutiny at Norway Killer's Trial
New York Times (blog)
If found to be mentally fit for trial, he could face up to 21 years in prison. A finding that he was insane would likely result in three-year terms of psychiatric care, which could be extended, The Associated Press reported. One of his victims, ...
New psychiatric examination finds Norway killer Anders Breivik not insaneToronto Star

all 787 news articles »

via Google News on 4/18/12

msnbc.com (blog)

Sociologist: Norway killer Breivik's court rant will deter extremism
msnbc.com (blog)
First for breaking news and analysis: Compelling world news stories from msnbc.com and NBC News journalists. Follow us on Twitter. Lawyers for Anders Behring Breivik warned Norwegians would find his statement to the Court upsetting.

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via Google News on 4/18/12

Times LIVE

Norway's mass killer demands acquittal or death
Times LIVE
Defendant Anders Behring Breivik listens to his lawyer Geir Lippestad (L), during the first day of his trial in Oslo, April 16, 2012. The terrorism and murder trial against Norwegian mass killer Anders Behring Breivik, who has confessed to the bomb and ...

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via Google News on 4/18/12

'Execute me or set me free'
Herald Sun
ANDERS Behring Breivik has said he should be executed if found guilty of last year's mass killings in Norway. Mr Breivik, who killed 77 people in twin attacks in Norway last July, told an Oslo court yesterday there were only two possible outcomes of ...

and more »


Breivik thought had slim chance to survive bombing
U.S. News & World Report
By KARL RITTER, AP OSLO, Norway (AP) — Confessed mass killer Anders Behring Breivik thought he had only a slim chance of escaping Norway's capital alive after setting off a bomb in the government district on July 22, he told a court Thursday.

and more »

via Google News on 4/18/12

Why a spot of torture and a long rope would be too good for Anders Breivik
The Independent
I know what you're thinking, because sometimes I think it too. You look at the bovine, witless features of Anders Breivik in that Oslo courtroom and you think: maybe capital punishment isn't so bad after all. You remember the 77 people he murdered, ...

and more »

via Google News on 4/18/12

Christian Science Monitor

Why does Norway's Breivik invoke the Knights Templar?
Christian Science Monitor
Anders Behring Breivik, who killed 77 people in a twin terror attack in Norway last July, claims to be a member of a reborn 'Knights Templar.' What's the symbolism? By Arthur Bright, Correspondent / April 18, 2012 Accused Norwegian Anders Behring ...

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Breivik grilled over violent video games
Financial Times
By Martin Sandbu in Oslo Anders Behring Breivik appeared animated when discussing the technical details of gaming and gun training. The extremist, who did not give his salute on entering the court, as he had done on previous days, said he had used the ...

via The Guardian World News by Helen Pidd on 4/19/12
Breivik tells court he practised his shot using a 'holographic aiming device' while playing video game
Anders Behring Breivik has described how he "trained" for the attacks he carried out in Norway last summer using the computer game Call of Duty: Modern Warfare.

The 33-year-old said he practised his shot using a "holographic aiming device" he had bought to use with the war simulation game, which he said is used by armies around the world for training.

"You develop target acquisition," he said. He used a similar device during the shooting attacks that left 69 dead at a political youth camp on the island of Utøya on 22 July.

Describing the game, he said: "It consists of many hundreds of different tasks and some of these tasks can be compared with an attack, for real. That's why it's used by many armies throughout the world. It's very good for acquiring experience related to sights systems."

He added: "If you are familiar with a holographic sight, it's built up in such a way that you could have given it to your grandmother and she would have been a super marksman. It's designed to be used by anyone. In reality it requires very little training to use it in an optimal way. But of course it does help if you've practised using a simulator."

The prosecution asked Breivik if he was aware that "there are some bereaved people sitting here in the courtroom who lost children at Utøya". How do you think they are feeling, Breivik was asked. "They are probably reacting in a natural way, with disgust and horror," he said.

The court also heard that Breivik took what he called a "sabbatical" for a year between the summers of 2006 and 2007, which he devoted to playing another game, World of Warcraft (WoW), "hardcore" full time. He admitted he spent up to 16 hours every day that year playing from his bedroom in his mother's Oslo flat.

But he insisted WoW had nothing to do with the attacks he carried out last year, leaving 77 dead.

He said: "Some people like to play golf, some like to sail, I played WoW. It had nothing to do with 22 July. It's not a world you are engulfed by. It's simply a hobby."

He added: "WoW is only a fantasy game, which is not violent at all. It's just fantasy. It's a strategy game. You co-operate with a lot of others to overcome challenges. That's why you do it. It's a very social game. Half of the time you are connected in communication with others. It would be wrong to consider it an antisocial game."

Breivik said he "deserved" his sabbatical because he had worked an average of 12-14 hours every day between 2002 and 2006 on various entrepreneurial projects.

He said: "I felt I had sacrificed a lot. Because of that I felt I deserved to take one year off to do what I wanted. Especially bearing in mind the upcoming so-called suicide action … I wanted to have no remorse as to what I had missed out on."

He denied playing the game and moving back in with his mother because his business ventures, including a firm selling fake diplomas, had failed.

"If you assess what you read in media, you would think I moved back home and rented a room in my mother's house because my company had gone bankrupt," he said, claiming to have had 600-700,000 rone (£65,000-76,000) in bank accounts and 300,000KR (£32,5000) in cash, which he stashed in two safes in his bedroom at the start of his sabbatical. He only filed for bankruptcy to save on the accounting costs associated with winding down a company in a conventional way, he said.

Breivik insisted he only moved back in with his mother to save 15,000KR in monthly rent and spend more time writing his "compendium". He did not claim benefits, saying: "I have never received a single krone from any government subsidy or support because I am in principle against living off such subsidies or welfare."

He said his friends and family, particularly his mother, reacted with "shock and disbelief" when he announced he was going to play on his computer full time.

"I told her that I was going to allocate time to do what I had wanted to do. She reacted in that way, which is [a] fairly normal, healthy reaction," he said, adding: "It would have been quite abnormal if she had just said: 'Oh that's great, go ahead.' I couldn't tell her I was taking a sabbatical because I was going to blow myself up in five years' time. I played on the idea that: 'Ooh, I've become addicted to games.' That was my primary cover."

It was a convenient "cover" and allowed him to isolate himself and concentrate on his forthcoming "operation". But he insisted repeatedly he was not a loner and had been out and about in the months leading up to the attacks in July last year.

Breivik was also asked about his membership of the masons. He said he joined because it was a "Christian organisation which has protected many European traditions" but said he was not an active member.

It was a "hobby", he said, claiming to have only attended "about five" meetings. It was another "militant nationalist" who suggested he join, he claimed.

guardian.co.uk © 2012 Guardian News and Media Limited or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved. | Use of this content is subject to our Terms & Conditions | More Feeds


Mass killer Anders Behring Breivik has dropped his familiar far-right salute at the start of a day in court after relatives of his victims asked him to respect their wishes.

Norway Killer Wants To Be Freed or Killed - WSJ.com

Norway Killer Wants To Be Freed or Killed - WSJ.com

OSLO, Norway—Anders Behring Breivik called for freedom or death during the third day of his trial for killing 77 people in shooting and bombing attacks in Norway last year, saying the nation should reintroduce capital punishment.
Norway abolished capital punishment in peacetime in 1905 but retained it for war crimes until 1979 and last used it soon after World War II.
"There are only two outcomes I would respect. The unrealistic one, which is acquittal, and the more realistic one, which is a death penalty," Mr. Breivik said on Wednesday, according to a transcript by the Norwegian daily VG.
The confessed killer called the prison sentence he faces of 21 years with the possibility of indefinite extension for as long as he is seen as a danger to society as "a pathetic punishment."
Mr. Breivik refused to answer many questions from the prosecution, which took a more aggressive stance Wednesday after letting him read a 13-page statement a day earlier in which he espoused his anti-Muslim views.
Prosecutors pushed Mr. Breivik to explain the details about a so-called Knights Templar network he claims to belong to. The prosecution says the network doesn't exist.
Mr. Breivik said the network was established in London in 2002, and that he was chosen to write a manifesto to unite different cells on a common, nationalistic platform. He said he traveled to Liberia and Baltic countries to meet Templar associates. But, saying he wanted to protect them, he refused to name members or reveal any further details.
"We have to find out what's true and what's made up," said prosecutor Inga Bejer Engh.
"Nothing's made up," retorted Mr. Breivik, saying his manifesto reflected an idealized version of the truth. "In principle, you're selling dreams. That's what it is to sell an ideology."
During the proceedings Wednesday, Mr. Breivik also distanced himself from some of the grandiose titles he used for himself in the 1,500-page manifesto.
"I never called myself a perfect knight," he said. "I've said I tried to live up to those ideals. A perfect knight is a perfect foot soldier."
The issue of whether Mr. Breivik concocted the Knights Templar is of importance in determining his sanity, and whether he is ultimately sent to prison or compulsory psychiatric care.
On July 22, 2011, Mr. Breivik killed eight people with a car bomb in Oslo and 69 in a shooting spree at Utoya island, about 25 miles northwest of Oslo. Hundreds more were injured.
He claims the attacks were justified to fight a Muslim invasion of Europe that is being permitted by political organizations that support a multicultural society.
In the days after the attacks, the nation decorated the squares of Oslo with roses and marched the streets in support of the victims. The Norwegian prime minister said the country would meet the attacks with more openness and more democracy.
That sentiment has persisted during the trial, making Mr. Breivik's entreaty unlikely to be granted. Few Norwegians favor the death penalty even in the aftermath of the country's worst peacetime massacre.
John Hestnes, a government employee who represents survivors of the Oslo bombing in a support group, said that in the immediate aftermath of the attacks when passions were inflamed some called for Mr. Breivik to be killed. "It's a spontaneous, angry shock reaction," he said, but added, "If we introduce the death penalty, we become like him. I'm proud to be Norwegian, that we don't have a death penalty such as other countries."
Christian Lundin, legal counsel for 70 wounded and next of kin from the attacks, said many of his clients have at times wanted to see Mr. Breivik killed for his crimes.
"Those who have lost their children in a gruesome way have expressed that they wished he was not alive, and that his life had ended on July 22," he said. But he added that none of his clients had expressed a wish to change the judicial system to introduce the death penalty.
Thomas Mathiesen, professor in sociology of law at the University of Oslo, said that Norway's emphasis on peace has an impact on the Breivik trial.
"Anyone standing in front of a court is treated equally, regardless of whether it's a mass murderer or another person," he said. "Peacefulness, democracy and openness were values that were stressed as early as on the night of July 22."
A version of this article appeared April 19, 2012, on page A14 in some U.S. editions of The Wall Street Journal, with the headline: Mass Killer Calls for Norway to Institute Death Penalty.

The Spiritual Gift of Madness: The Failure of Psychiatry and the Rise of the Mad Pride Movement by Seth Farber « International Society for Ethical Psychology and Psychiatry (ISEPP) Blog

The Spiritual Gift of Madness: The Failure of Psychiatry and the Rise of the Mad Pride Movement by Seth Farber « International Society for Ethical Psychology and Psychiatry (ISEPP) Blog

Esssential Philosophy of Psychiatry (International Perspectives in Philosophy and Psychiatry)



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"Esssential Philosophy of Psychiatry (International Perspectives in Philosophy and Psychiatry) Reviews"

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"Esssential Philosophy of Psychiatry (International Perspectives in Philosophy and Psychiatry)" Overview

Essential Philosophy of Psychiatry is a concise introduction to the growing field of philosophy of psychiatry. Divided into three main aspects of psychiatric clinical judgement, values, meanings and facts, it examines the key debates about mental health care, and the philosophical ideas and tools needed to assess those debates, in six chapters.

In addition to outlining the state of play, Essential Philosophy of Psychiatry presents a coherent and unified approach across the different debates, characterized by a rejection of reductionism and an emphasis on the ineliminability of uncodified skilled judgement.

The first part, Values, outlines the debate about whether diagnosis of mental illness is essentially value-laden and argues that the prospects for reducing illness or disease to plainly factual matters are poor. It also explains the important role of skilled contextual judgement, rather than a principles-based deduction, in ethical judgement.

The second part, Meanings, examines the central role of understanding and a shared first person perspective, both against attempts to reduce meaning to basic information-processing mechanisms and to explain away the difficulties of understanding psychopathology in recent models of delusion.

The third part, Facts, shows the importance of uncodified clinical judgements, both in assessing the validity of psychiatric taxonomy and in the application of Evidence Based Medicine. Despite advances in the codifaction of practice and operationalism of diagnosis, an element of judgement remains in the assessment both of what, at one level, is good evidence for diagnosis and treatment and what, at a higher level, is good evidence for the validity of classification overall.

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Esssential Philosophy of Psychiatry (International Perspectives in Philosophy and Psychiatry) - Philosophy Textbooks

Esssential Philosophy of Psychiatry (International Perspectives in Philosophy and Psychiatry) - Philosophy Textbooks

Esssential Philosophy of Psychiatry (International Perspectives in Philosophy and Psychiatry)

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Good selection online store. Best Esssential Philosophy of Psychiatry (International Perspectives in Philosophy and Psychiatry) guarantee quality big save order now Eligible for FREE Super Saver Shipping.
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List Price: $55.00
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"Esssential Philosophy of Psychiatry (International Perspectives in Philosophy and Psychiatry) Reviews"

*Note: Prices of the product may not be the latest update. You can check latest prices at this button.

By Brand:


"Esssential Philosophy of Psychiatry (International Perspectives in Philosophy and Psychiatry)" Overview

Essential Philosophy of Psychiatry is a concise introduction to the growing field of philosophy of psychiatry. Divided into three main aspects of psychiatric clinical judgement, values, meanings and facts, it examines the key debates about mental health care, and the philosophical ideas and tools needed to assess those debates, in six chapters.

In addition to outlining the state of play, Essential Philosophy of Psychiatry presents a coherent and unified approach across the different debates, characterized by a rejection of reductionism and an emphasis on the ineliminability of uncodified skilled judgement.

The first part, Values, outlines the debate about whether diagnosis of mental illness is essentially value-laden and argues that the prospects for reducing illness or disease to plainly factual matters are poor. It also explains the important role of skilled contextual judgement, rather than a principles-based deduction, in ethical judgement.

The second part, Meanings, examines the central role of understanding and a shared first person perspective, both against attempts to reduce meaning to basic information-processing mechanisms and to explain away the difficulties of understanding psychopathology in recent models of delusion.

The third part, Facts, shows the importance of uncodified clinical judgements, both in assessing the validity of psychiatric taxonomy and in the application of Evidence Based Medicine. Despite advances in the codifaction of practice and operationalism of diagnosis, an element of judgement remains in the assessment both of what, at one level, is good evidence for diagnosis and treatment and what, at a higher level, is good evidence for the validity of classification overall.

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Norwegian Says Attack Was in the Works for Years - NYTimes.com

Norwegian Says Attack Was in the Works for Years - NYTimes.com

Norwegian Says Attack Was in the Works for Years


OSLO — Prosecutors on Thursday depicted the man on trial here for killing 77 people in twin attacks as a friendless loser who spent an entire year playing computer war games in his mother’s home.
The defendant, Anders Behring Breivik, 33, acknowledged an investment setback in December 2006, after which he moved into his mother’s Oslo house and spent the next year playing the game “World of Warcraft” 16 hours a day.
Mr. Breivik told the court that he knew, even in 2006, that he wanted to carry out a “suicide” attack. He said a psychiatrist’s report made soon after the attacks last year in which he was depicted as saying he decided on his plans only in 2009, “was a lie.”
After the morning recess, prosecutors allowed Mr. Breivik to return to the more familiar ground of his hatred for the “liberal media,” “cultural Marxism” and multiculturalism, and during this testimony his voice grew stronger and his diction firmer.
The prosecution spent the morning suggesting that Mr. Breivik was a fantasist and — rather than operating, as he has claimed, as a member of a shadowy and possibly nonexistent terrorism group called Knights Templar — a loner.
Mr. Breivik insisted that he had not had money problems, saying that the prosecutor Svein Holden was “giving the impression that I moved back home and rented a room in my mother’s house because I had gone bankrupt.”
“But I wanted to preserve my funds,” Mr. Breivik said, “so I could spend more time doing what I wanted to do, which was write my manifesto” — a rambling 1,500-page justification for his rampage and his thoughts about the danger posed to Europe by multiculturalism and Islam.
On Thursday, the fourth day of a trial that is expected to last for 10 weeks, Mr. Breivik entered the courtroom without making the closed-fist salute he had on the previous three mornings. A self-styled anti-Islamic militant, he has admitted the central facts of the case: that he killed 77 people on July 22, 2011, first with a car bomb in central Oslo in which eight died, and then on the nearby wooded island of Utoya, where he shot and killed 69 people, most of them teenagers attending a Labor Party summer camp.
As Mr. Holden and the other prosecutor, Inga Bejer Engh, demonstrated a sharply more aggressive line than in the previous sessions, Mr. Breivik appeared ill-tempered and sullen, and several times accused them of trying to “humiliate” him.
Mr. Breivik said he had taken the year beginning December 2006 as a “sabbatical” during which he spent 16 hours a day playing “World of Warcraft.”
“I know it is important to you and the media that I played this for a year,” he told the court, in response to Mr. Holden’s questions. “But it has nothing to do with July 22. It is not a world you are engulfed by. It is quite simply a hobby.”
“I had been dreaming about it all my life, to take a sabbatical to do what I always dreamed about,” he said. “Some people want to sail around the world. Some people want to play golf.”
He said he later spent the four months through February 2010 playing six hours a day at another game, “Call of Duty: Modern Warfare,” and that it was through this that he honed the shooting skills he would later use to kill the 69 people on Utoya Island, practicing with the aid of the holographic sight — a high-tech instrument for aiming a rifle — used in the game.
“You could give the sight to your grandmother and she would become a super marksman,” he said.
Interrupting his questioning about the holographic sight, Mr. Holden questioned why Mr. Breivik had broken into one of his now-familiar, wide-mouthed smiles.
“I know where you are trying to lead me,” Mr. Breivik said. “It is very obvious. You are trying to humiliate me.”
“There are some bereaved people here,” Mr. Holden replied. “How do you think they react when you talk about your aiming system?”
“They probably react in the natural way,” Mr. Breivik said, “with disgust and horror.”
“Do you think in that context it is natural to smile?” Mr. Holden asked.
Mr. Breivik did not reply.
Mark Lewis reported from Oslo, and David Jolly from Paris.

Psychiatry May Also Face Scrutiny at Norway Killer's Trial - NYTimes.com

Psychiatry May Also Face Scrutiny at Norway Killer's Trial - NYTimes.com

Psychiatry May Also Face Scrutiny at Norway Killer's Trial - NYTimes.com


April 10, 2012, 1:33 pm

Psychiatry May Also Face Scrutiny at Norway Killer’s Trial


Alexandra-Maeva Norya Peltre described her escape from Anders Behring Breivik, during which she was shot in the leg. She is set to testify against him at his trial, which begins next week.
After an earlier psychiatric report declared him to be a paranoid schizophrenic living in a “delusional universe,” a second evaluation by Norwegian psychiatrists released on Tuesday found Anders Behring Breivik, the anti-Muslim extremist who methodically killed 77 people in Oslo last year, to be legally sane, according to Norwegian officials.
As recently as last month, prosecutors in Norway said that Mr. Breivik would likely be placed in involuntary psychiatric care because he was considered psychotic.
But that approach appeared to be based on the first report, conducted by two psychiatrists in a court-ordered assessment. The new evaluation, also ordered by the court, followed widespread criticism of the earlier finding. The discrepancy between the two findings was not immediately explained.
The clinical disagreement prompted some Norwegian news media to speculate that the methods of psychiatric evaluation would also be put on trial along with Mr. Breivik when hearings begin next week.
The Norwegian daily, Aftenposten, said that the divergent evaluations presented the court with a unique challenge. Sven Torgersen of the University of Oslo told the paper that he anticipated that the trial would likely become, at least in part, a discussion of psychiatry.
Mr. Torgersen also told the news site, Global Post, that Mr. Breivik’s insistence on his own sanity could be an effort to influence the court. “It’s very dangerous to say, ‘I’m very satisfied to be declared insane.’ Because then I’m sane. That’s the paradox,” he said.
Indeed, Mr. Breivik’s lawyer said his client was “pleased” with the new result and that he would testify at trial that he has “regret that he didn’t go further,” the BBC reported.
Mr. Breivik has also been vigorously declaring his sanity, claiming in a letter last week that to be confined to a mental hospital would be “the ultimate humiliation,” according to excerpts published by Reuters and other news outlets. “To send a political activist to a mental hospital is more sadistic and evil than to kill him! It is a fate worse than death,” he wrote.
If found to be mentally fit for trial, he could face up to 21 years in prison. A finding that he was insane would likely result in three-year terms of psychiatric care, which could be extended, The Associated Press reported.
One of his victims, Alexandra-Maeva Norya Peltre, escaped after being shot in the leg. Now 18 years old, she returned to Utoya Island with a video crew from Reuters and described the scene of mayhem during which she said her eyes met with those of Mr. Breivik as he methodically tracked and killed young people at a political camp, even as some attempted to flee into the water.
“He was looking right at me and I just remember — poof! I had a hole in my leg,” she said, “and I started running.”

Wednesday, April 18, 2012

Breivik Trial - Mike Nova's starred items - 4:50 PM 4/18/2012

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Breivik Trial - Mike Nova's starred items - 4:50 PM 4/18/2012



via Forensic Psychiatry News by Mike Nova on 4/17/12
Mike Nova

Breivik Trial and The Crisis Of Psychiatry As A Science

Breivik is not the only one who is on this trial. Psychiatry as a science is on this trial also, just like on many other trials where forensic psychiatric involvement is sought. This is highlighted by the two contradictory psychiatric assessments of the accused, with their directly opposing diagnostic impressions and directly conflicting main general conclusions. The first forensic psychiatric evaluation, completed on November 29, 2011 by the psychiatrists Torgeir Husby and Synne Sørheim found Breivik to be "paranoid schizophrenic" and "psychotic" at the time of the alleged crime and presently and therefore legally "insane". A leaked copy of the initial psychiatric examination described his crusader fantasy as a product of the "bizarre, grandiose delusions" of a sick mind.
The second evaluation, about 300 pages long, made by the psychiatrists Terje Toerrissen and Agnar Aspaas on a request from the court after widespread criticism of the first one, was completed on April 10, 2012, just six days before the trial, but was not released, and according to the leaked information, found him afflicted with "narcissistic personality disorder" with "grandiose self" and not psychotic at the time of the alleged crime and presently and therefore legally "sane".
The latest psychiatric report was confidential, but national broadcaster NRK and other Norwegian media who claimed to have seen its conclusions said it described Breivik as narcissistic but not psychotic.
Torgensen gets the impression that Breivik found an ideal place to nourish his delusions of grandeur in the anti-Islamic scene full of crusader fantasies. “This was coupled with an extremely sadistic disorder,” Torgensen says. “This disastrous combination could explain the scale of his violence.”
The new report from forensic psychiatrists Terje Tørrissen and Agnar Aspaas concludes that he did not have “significantly weakened capacity for realistic evaluation of his relations with the outside world, and did not act under severely impaired consciousness”.
"Our conclusion is that he (was) not psychotic at the time of the actions of terrorism and he is not psychotic now," Terje Toerrissen, one of the psychiatrists who examined Breivik in prison, told The Associated Press.
Thus, as it almost always happens in complex forensic psychiatric cases, it was left for the infinite wisdom and common sense of the court, unburdened by the "sophisticated" and empty psychiatric jargon, to decide by itself, and rightly so, the "main questions" of the accused's mental illness or mental health and his "sanity" or "insanity" and to make its own, judicial decision regarding the issue of legal responsibility. Both mutually conflicting (but not mutually exclusive) forensic psychiatric evaluations, which, no doubt, were performed in good faith and with utmost professional diligence, will be taken into account by the court, but were rendered almost irrelevant by their contradictions. Once again, psychiatry, pretending to be a medical discipline and a science, was humiliated and reduced to the position of a laughing stock for the public and the media.
Mr. Breivik's skillful and astute lead defense lawyer, Mr. Geri Lippestad, treating his client with respect and at the same time with appropriate professional distance and apparently convinced of his client's mental illness and "insanity", chose a strategy of presenting Mr. Breivik to the court and to the public "as is", letting him to reveal himself and his presumed mental illness fully as the engine of alleged criminal behavior, apparently counting that it will be convincing enough for both the judges and for the court of public opinion.
“This whole case indicated that he is insane,” Geir Lippestad told reporters. “He looks upon himself as a warrior. He starts this war and takes some kind of pride in that,” Lippestad said. Lippestad said Breivik had used “some kind of drugs” before the crime to keep strong and awake, and was surprised he had not been killed during the attacks or en route to Monday’s court hearing.
Lippestad, a member of the Labour party whose youth wing had been the target of Friday’s shooting rampage, said he would quit if Breivik did not agree to psychological tests.
Geir Lippestad said the new report means Breivik's testimony will be crucial "when the judges decide whether he is insane or not." The trial started on April 16 and is scheduled to last 10 weeks.
Mr. Breivik declared himself undoubtedly and completely "sane" and consistently, if somewhat eerily out of place and time, painted a self-portrait as a model and self-sacrificing ideological warrior, taking as an insult any, albeit "professional" opinions otherwise and dismissed them with anger and indignation.
“On this day,” he said, “I was waging a one-man war against all the regimes of Western Europe. I felt traumatized every second that blood and brains were spurting out. War is hell.”
"Breivik told the court that "ridiculous" lies had been told about him, rattling off a list which accused him of being a narcissist who was obsessed with the red jumper he wore to his first court hearing, of having a "bacterial phobia", "an incestuous relationship with my mother", "of being a child killer despite no one who died on Utoya being under 14".
He was not insane, he repeated many times. He claimed it was Norway's politicians who should be locked up in the sort of mental institution he can expect to spend the rest of his days if the court declares him criminally insane at the end of the ten-week trial. He said: "They expect us to applaud our ethnic and cultural doom... They should be characterised as insane, not me. Why is this the real insanity? This is the real insanity because it is not rational to work to deconstruct ones own ethnic group, culture and religion."
All this is fine and dandy, and, no doubt, the aforementioned infinite wisdom of Scandinavian level headed justice (embodied in a stern but motherly demeanor of the presiding Judge Wenche Elisabeth Arntzen) will eventually emanate from its somewhat obscure, slowly but surely turning and unstoppable wheels, hopefully to almost every one's satisfaction. And eventually, this horrendous crime, the purp and the trial will be almost forgotten and placed into archives for further studies.
But the nagging questions remain and will remain for some, and probably a long time: is psychiatry really a science? Or is it just a collection of "professional" opinions, mixed with convenient labels and outdated jargon? What is "sane" and what is "insane"? And how far should the justice go in its modern "humane" stance?

Breivik Trial and The Crisis Of Psychiatry As Science - Links

via Forensic Psychiatry News by Mike Nova on 4/18/12
Does Breivik suffer from DELUSIONAL DISORDER? (Grandiose - Persecutory Type)?

All symptoms and behaviors fit into this (relatively rare but very well recognised, well described, discrete - which is important for its clinical validity; and very interesting psychopathologically and also historically - Krepeline, Freud, etc.) syndrome quite nicely. If these diagnostic impressions are confirmed in further psychiatric evaluations and affirmed by the court, then Breivik definitely should not be considered legally responsible (although he is fit to proceed) for his crime and should be treated as an "insane" and mentally ill.
In addition to this, his habitus (square face and jaw, etc.) and quality of his emotional reactions (e.g. on questioning on Day 3 of the Trial) betray the signs of subtle yet visible organicity with some affective involvement. It would be surprising if his cognitive functioning and the results of neuropsychological testing are intact completely. The results of EEG, including sleep deprivation EEG, would be interesting to see; temporal lobes dysfunction is quite possible.
The results of projective tests could shed some light on the state of his emotional life.
Is it possible to influence or use for adverse purposes a person ill with Delusional Disorder, in other words, to "program" them? Yes, it is, if it is done skillfully and suggestions are incorporated into a subject's delusional system or if the delusions are shared.
Thus, a new vista of possibilities has opened, in the light of Day 3 of the Trial's revelatons of Breivik's connections with Serbian nationalists and history of his military or intelligence training in Belarus.


References and Links

The “Pseudocommando” Mass Murderer: A Blaze of Vainglory - Psychiatric Times
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By Robert I. Simon, Liza H. Gold

http://books.google.com.pr/books?id=zNuT2ZJvRvsC&lpg=PA97&ots=0t-mgO7z7L&dq=delusional%20disorder%20forensic%20psychiatry&pg=PA97#v=onepage&q=delusional%20disorder%20forensic%20psychiatry&f=false

*
Front Cover
0 Reviewshttp://books.google.com.pr/books/about/Delusional_Disorder.html?id=tjZRqzXK2gkC
Cambridge University Press, Mar 4, 1999 - 261 pages
Delusional disorder, once termed paranoia, was an important diagnosis in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Only in 1987 was it reintroduced into modern psychiatric diagnosis after being incorporated with schizophrenia. This book provides a comprehensive review of delusional disorder for psychiatrists and other clinicians. Beginning with the emergence of the concept of delusional disorder, the book goes on to detail its manifold presentations, differential diagnosis and treatment. The author provides many instructive case histories, illustrating

delusional disorder

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delusional disorder Breivik - Google Search

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The “Pseudocommando” Mass Murderer: A Blaze of Vainglory - Psychiatric Times


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Psychiatric Times.Vol. 29No. 1
NEWS

The “Pseudocommando” Mass Murderer: A Blaze of Vainglory

By James L. Knoll IV, MD |January 4, 2012


The term “pseudocommando” was first used to describe the type of mass murderer who plans his actions “after long deliberation,” and who kills indiscriminately in public during the daytime.2 He comes prepared with a powerful arsenal of weapons and has no escape planned. He is sometimes described as having the intent to die in a “blaze of glory.” Since glory has been defined as “a state of great gratification or exaltation,” the cliché to go out in a blaze of glory would seem to be a perverse turn of phrase, considering the unfathomable pain and tragedy these individuals cause. This article briefly explores what is known about the mindset of the pseudocommando mass murderer and how he transforms his desire for revenge into a perverse sense of honor, which allows him to justify his actions.
On July 22, 2011, Norway experienced the immeasurable fallout from a pseudocommando whose perverted sense of honor and grandiose narcissism obliterated more than 70 innocent people. Anders Behring Breivik, a 32-year-old Norwegian extremist perpetrated a dual attack in Norway: the bombing of government buildings in Oslo that resulted in 8 deaths, and the mass shooting at a camp of the Workers’ Youth League of the Labour Party on the island of Utoya where he killed 69, most of whom were teenagers.3 Breivik composed a 1492-page manifesto he published hours before his attack.4 He was apprehended alive, and his mental state was being examined as this article was being written. After his capture, Breivik requested to be evaluated by Japanese mental health experts because “the Japanese understand the concept of honor better than the Europeans [emphasis added].”
Research
Mass killings by such individuals are not new. The news media tend to suggest that the era of mass public killings began in the 1960s, ushered in by Charles Whitman atop the University of Texas at Austin tower, and henceforward became “a part of American life in recent decades.5” But research suggests that news media have heavily influenced the public perception of mass murder—particularly the inaccurate assertion that its incidence is increasing.6 It is typically the high-profile cases that represent the most widely publicized yet least representative mass killings.
The research on pseudocommandos suggests that they are driven by strong feelings of anger and resentment, in addition to having paranoid character traits. Dietz2 described these individuals as “collectors of injustice” who hold onto every perceived insult, amassing a pile of “evidence” that they have been grossly mistreated. To sustain the revenge “romance,” they must corral the unwanted, hated, or feared aspects of themselves. This collection is then re-assembled into the form of an “enemy” who “deserves” to be the target of a merciless, incendiary rage. Thus, the pseudocommando maintains object relations with others, which are heavily based on envy and splitting.
. . . as I’m rushing through my city, guns blazing, with 100 armed system protectors pursuing me . . . I know there is a 80%+ chance I am going to die during the operation. . . .
—Breivik1
Mullen7 described the results of his detailed forensic evaluations of 5 pseudocommando mass murderers who were caught before they could kill themselves or be killed. Mullen noted that the massacres were often well planned out (ie, the offender did not suddenly “snap”): the offender arrived at the crime scene well-armed, often in camo or “warrior” gear. He appeared to be pursuing a highly personal agenda of “payback.” Mullen’s study also found a number of traits and historical factors that these individuals had in common: They were bullied or isolated as children and had become “loners” who felt despair over being socially excluded. They were also described as being resentful grudge holders who demonstrated obsessional or rigid traits. (The Table lists the most common traits that are observed in pseudocommandos.)
Narcissistic, grandiose traits were present, along with heavy use of externalization. They held a generally disparaging view of others, which resulted in spending a great deal of time ruminating on past humiliations. The ruminations evolved into fantasies of violent revenge, to the point that the offenders seemed to “welcome death,” even perceiving it as bringing them “fame” with an aura of power. Most of the literature references the pseudocommando’s motivation of revenge, which may be directed at a group (pseudocommunity) or representative ideology.2,7,8
The revenge romance
He piled upon the whale’s hump the sum of all the general rage and hate . . . and then, as if his chest had been a mortar, he burst his hot heart’s shell upon it.
—Herman Melville, Moby Dick9
The desire for revenge “is a ubiquitous response to narcissistic injury.10” Greek mythology is replete with revenge themes.11 Revenge is the central motive in at least 20 of Shakespeare’s plays and the main theme in many of today’s Hollywood movies (eg, the “Death Wish” series and, more recently, the “Kill Bill” series, which highlight our fascination with “the sweet taste of payback”).12 Across almost every culture, the taking of revenge, when “justified,” has assumed “the status of a sacred obligation.13” In many cultures since biblical times and before, there has at least been the restraining notion of functional symmetry in seeking redress, such as the Old Testament’s admonition of “an eye for an eye.”
At this stage of our evolution, affronts to our self-esteem or narcissism are responded to as though they were a threat to our survival.14 We have maintained the physiological hard-wiring, available for excessive use in situations that do not involve survival of the body, but instead survival of the ego.15 In individuals with vulnerable, fragile (perhaps overly inflated) egos, threats to self-esteem may result in the harboring of destructive rage that eventually transforms them into avengers. Indeed, it is the frustration of the need to “preserve a solid sense of self,” that is often “the source of the most fanatical human violence [as well as] the everyday anger that all of us suffer.16
However, this type of righteous anger is, in reality, a vainglorious pseudopower, because it is merely a reaction to intolerable feelings of powerlessness. Nevertheless, there comes a point when this pseudopower is the only defense the avenger has left to ward off the annihilation of his sense of self. This is why, when the potential avenger’s ego is threatened or hurt “in such a devastating way . . . the only thing that remains is to persist in the ‘unremitting denunciation of injustice.’” At this point, it becomes almost impossible for him to give up on the “crusade,” because there is a perverse honor in refusing to normalize the perceived injustice.17
Revealed here is the “hidden logic of the . . . avenger” to sustain a perverse and grandiose “refusal to compromise”; an insistence “against all odds” lest his “heroic” fantasy and fragile ego surrender to the reality of a “self” he finds intolerable.16,17 The revenge fantasies are inflexible and persistent because they provide desperately needed sustenance to the ego. These fantasies may lead the avenger to “experience pleasure at imagining the suffering of the target and pride at being on the side of some spiritual primal justice.” The revenge fantasy gives the “illusion of strength,” and a temporary, although false, sense of restored control and self-coherence.18 The type of severe narcissistic rage experienced “serves the purpose of the preservation of the self” that has exceeded its limit of shame, alienation, and aversive self-awareness.14 This pain and rage cannot be contained by the pseudocommando, who then embarks “on a course of self-destruction that transfers [his] pain to others.”
The revenge fantasy helps the pseudocommando obliterate an intolerable reality and aversive self-awareness. His rumination “dominates thought and impels action much as an addiction or erotomania does.11” The avenger could be said to have “fallen” into romantic/idealized hate. Just as Captain Ahab believed he had been “dismasted” by the whale, he reached the final stages of narcissistic inaccessibility and plunged irretrievably into a downward spiral of reality-destroying nihilism. For those who progress to acting on their violent fantasies, they go beyond denying aversive self-awareness. By stepping across the threshold into an obliterative mindset, the pseudocommando bestows on himself a false authority. His judgment lacks any sense of symmetry, and “an eye for an eye soon gives way to a life for an eye.11
Obliteration for the glory of . . . me
Shakespeare’s Richard III is a classic example of a mind committed to revenge, driven by powerful grievance. His state of mind may be regarded as an “obliterative state of mind,” in that it functions to spread more grievance, destruction, and ultimately annihilation.19 Individuals committed to revenge may come to embrace a self-styled image based on low self-esteem or negative self-perceptions that may be tinged with an ominous undertone. That is, they embrace their dark, negative cognitions and fashion them into a recognizable suit of “black” armor.
Persons driven by envy and destruction tend to see others “as in the light and [choose] to stay in the dark.19” In the case of Richard III, his inner envy and destructive narcissism lead him to consciously adopt the role of reprobate.20
Toxic levels of “envy and narcissism . . . can fracture the personality, hold it hostage and in thrall, by being fuelled by triumph and contempt.” The developing pseudocommando must hold fast to his “hatred of anything such as growth, beauty, or humanity which is an advance over a bleak, static interior landscape.19” In addition, the pseudocommando may well harbor the notion that “Nature has done me a grievous wrong. . . . Life owes me reparation for this. . . . I may do wrong myself, since wrong has been done to me.21
It is this feeling of being an exception to the rules, of being justified in harming others, that fuels the pseudocommando’s obliterative state of mind. Once he has embraced this mindset, “he cannot envision rescue from this commitment to a killing field externally or internally.19” The narcissistic injury that is utterly intolerable is “essentially nihilistic: nothing matters, all is despair. . . . all goodness and substance are obliterated, so that nothingness defines the domain.”
For some, the motivational trail may end with obliteration and annihilation. But for others, it is possible that the trail does not end here. For these individuals, there is more to revenge than annihilation. By their behavior and communications, they suggest that they are willing to die so as to not “lose” under any circumstances, their constructed, yet fragile, sense of self. It is not an option to submit or concede that his “heroic” sense of self is not righteous or transcendent. Indeed, to do so amounts to a humiliating, damning reality that exceeds death in its promise of torture.
For comparison, consider the genuine commando—the soldier—who has the notion that he or she may be dying for a greater cause outside of himself or herself. The vengeful pseudocommando must believe his cause is great as well, but in the case of the former, we have altruistic motivations focused on others. In the case of the latter, we see self-concerned motivation and grandiosity. What could be more grandiose than sacrificing oneself—for the glorification of oneself? The subtext would seem to be: “I’ll kill myself so I will never face losing my falsely constructed self—and, I’ll sacrifice many other people’s lives to get what I want.” But of course, in getting what he wants, he must plan, ruminate, and bide his time until he can abruptly go out in a contemptible flame. In doing so, he leaves behind a charred crater of voided humanity as testament to the depth of his self-centeredness.
Future directions
Regarding prevention, the sobering reality is that such events are extremely hard to anticipate and thwart.22 Retrospectively, one sometimes discovers “windows” of opportunity that if taken advantage of, may possibly have represented chances to avoid the tragedy. Such windows may take the form of family members or social contacts who take steps to have the potential pseudocommando evaluated and treated.23 In terms of media response, it is important to have a thoughtful set of reporting guidelines. For example, it has been suggested that news media should avoid glorifying the perpetrator and not disclose his methods or number of victims killed.24 Rather, media should emphasize victim and community recovery efforts and deflect attention away from the perpetrator.
One promising avenue of future research includes studying and understanding the presence of “identification warning behaviors” that may appear and suggest impending or accelerating risk.25
Hempel and colleagues26 were among the first to note that pseudocommandos will often “convey their central motivation in a psychological abstract, a phrase or sentence yelled with great emotion at the beginning of the mass murder.” To date, the actual communications of the pseudocommando mass murderer have received little detailed analysis.8,27 The study of both pre-offense (ie, leaked) and after-the-fact communications may assist in gaining insight into the psychology of the pseudocommando that can inform preventive efforts. Risk assessments of individuals with strong revenge fantasies will have to consider the intensity and quality of the revenge fantasies, vulnerability to ego threats, and relevant biopsychosocial risk variables.15




References
1. Oslo Terrorist Anders Behring Breivik Manifesto. http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=89a_1311444384. Accessed December 12, 2011.
2. Dietz PE. Mass, serial and sensational homicides. Bull N Y Acad Med. 1986;62:477-491.
3. MinnPost.com. Norway attacks: What happens if Brievik is deemed insane? http://www.minnpost.com/worldcsm/2011/08/03/30524norway_attacks_what_happens_if_breivik_is_deemed_insane. Accessed December 12, 2011.
4. 2083: A European Declaration of Independence. https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwZX2bK7Uc5dY2ExYzc4YjctMDJlZC00M2QzLTk5NDUtNDhiMDhmMzhkZWQ4&hl=en_US. Accessed December 12, 2011.
5. The Associated Press. Mass public shootings on the rise, but why? While some see connection to guns, others blame erosion of community. April 21, 2007. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/18249724. Accessed December 12, 2011.
6. Duwe G. A circle of distortion: the social construction of mass murder in the United States. West Criminol Rev. 2005;6:59-78.
7. Mullen PE. The autogenic (self-generated) massacre. Behav Sci Law. 2004;22:311-323.
8. Knoll JL 4th . The “pseudocommando” mass murder: part I, the psychology of revenge and obliteration. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 2010;38:87-94.
9. Melville H. Moby Dick. London: Random House UK; 2007:chap 41.
10. LaFarge L. The wish for revenge. Psychoanal Q. 2006;75:447-475.
11. Rosen IC. Revenge—the hate that dare not speak its name: a psychoanalytic perspective. J Am Psychoanal Assoc. 2007;55:595-620.
12. Cargill CR. Revenge is a dish best served cold. August 30, 2007. http://www.film.com/features/story/revenge-dish-best-served-cold/16169619. Accessed December 12, 2011.
13. Watson L. Dark Nature: A Natural History of Evil. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, Inc; 1995.
14. Menninger WW. Uncontained rage: a psychoanalytic perspective on violence. Bull Menninger Clin. 2007;71:115-131.
15. Baumeister RF, Smart L, Boden JM. Relation of threatened egotism to violence and aggression: the dark side of high self-esteem. Psychol Rev. 1996;103:5-33.
16. Leifer R. Vinegar Into Honey: Seven Steps to Understanding and Transforming Anger, Aggression, and Violence. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications; 2008.
17. Zizek S. Violence: Six Sideways Reflections. New York: Picador; 2008.
18. Horowitz MJ. Understanding and ameliorating revenge fantasies in psychotherapy. Am J Psychiatry. 2007;164:24-27.
19. Anderson MK. The death of a mind: a study of Shakespeare’s Richard III. J Anal Psychol. 2006;51:701-716.
20. Shakespeare W. The Tragedy of King Richard III. http://etext.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/MobRic3.html. Accessed December 12, 2011.
21. Freud S. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud. Vol 14. Strachey J, trans-ed. Toronto: The Hogarth Press, Ltd; 1981:314-315.
22. Saleva O, Putkonen H, Kiviruusu O, Lönnqvist J. Homicide-suicide—an event hard to prevent and separate from homicide or suicide. Forensic Sci Int. 2007;166:204-208.
23. Orange R. Anders Behring Breivik’s sister warned mother about his behaviour two years ago. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/norway/8934136/Anders-Behring-Breiviks-sister-warned-mother-about-his-behaviour-two-years-ago.html. Accessed December 12, 2011.
24. Preti A. School shooting as a culturally enforced way of expressing suicidal hostile intentions. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 2008;36:544-550.
25. Meloy JR, Hoffmann J, Guldimann A, James D. The role of warning behaviors in threat assessment: an exploration and suggested typology. Behav Sci Law. August 24, 2011. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bsl.999/abstract?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+unavailable+17+Dec+from+10-13+GMT+for+IT+maintenance. Accessed December 13, 2011.
26. Hempel AG, Meloy JR, Richards TC. Offender and offense characteristics of a nonrandom sample of mass murderers. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 1999;27:213-225.
27. Knoll JL 4th. The “pseudocommando” mass murder: part II, the language of revenge. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 2010;38:263-272.

via Forensic Psychiatry News by Mike Nova on 4/18/12
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The Guardian

Anders Behring Breivik attacks inspired by Serbian nationalists, court hears
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Last summer's attacks on Norway were inspired by "Serb nationalists", Anders Behring Breivik has told a court in Olso as he attempted to distance himself from the "old school" of rightwing extremism propagated by the Nazis. Giving evidence for a second ...
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The Nelson Mail

Breivik wants freedom or death for massacre
Atlanta Journal Constitution
Accused Norwegian Anders Behring Breivik gestures on arrival at the courtroom, in Oslo, Norway, Wednesday April 18, 2012. Breivik has five days to explain why he detonated a bomb outside government headquarters in Oslo, killing eight people, ...
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Seattle Post Intelligencer
KARL RITTER, AP Accused Norwegian Anders Behring Breivik gestures on arrival at the courtroom, in Oslo, Norway, Wednesday April 18, 2012. Breivik has five days to explain why he detonated a bomb outside government headquarters in Oslo, killing eight ...


Times LIVE

Norway's mass killer demands acquittal or death
Times LIVE
Defendant Anders Behring Breivik listens to his lawyer Geir Lippestad (L), during the first day of his trial in Oslo, April 16, 2012. The terrorism and murder trial against Norwegian mass killer Anders Behring Breivik, who has confessed to the bomb and ...
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BBC News

Prosecution casts doubt on Breivik network claim
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Anders Breivik, who admits killing 77 people in Norway last summer, has been questioned in court over his alleged links with other far-right extremists. Anders Breivik told the court that he belonged to a group called the Knights Templar, which had met ...

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Anders Breivik: The First Step to Mass Murder Is a Belief in Good and Evil
Huffington Post (blog)
The day before, they were eating ice cream. They were sitting in the sunshine, in the clearing between the pine trees, gazing up at a blue, blue sky. They were laughing, and joking, and looking, if they were girls, at the boys they liked, and looking, ...

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The Age

Death or freedom says Breivik
The Age
ANDERS Behring Breivik, charged with killing 77 people in twin attacks in Norway last July, yesterday rebuffed intense questioning about his claimed links to an anti-Muslim militant group as prosecutors tried to prove such networks don't exist.

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The Guardian (blog)

Norway mass killer Anders Behring Breivik wants death penalty or acquittal
CBS News
(AP) OSLO, Norway - Norway's prison terms are "pathetic," confessed mass killer Anders Behring Breivik declared Wednesday in court, claiming the death penalty or a full acquittal were the "only logical outcomes" for his massacre of 77 people.
Anders Behring Breivik trial, day three - live updatesThe Guardian (blog)
Anders Behring Breivik calls for acquittal or death penaltyBBC News
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Prosecutors press Breivik on 'Knights Templar'
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By KARL RITTER AP Confessed mass killer Anders Behring Breivik's claims of belonging to a secret anti-Muslim militia appeared to crack Wednesday, as he acknowledged the supposed crusader network is "not an organization in a conventional sense.

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By Brendan O'Neill Politics Last updated: April 18th, 2012 The dark irony in Anders Behring Breivik's courtoom ranting about multiculturalism is that his own worldview is riddled with that divisive ideology. Breivik poses as a one-man army against the ...

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Norwegian monster had 'English mentor'
The Sun
NORWEGIAN monster Anders Breivik had an “English mentor called Richard” who he met at a Knights Templar meeting in London, a court heard today. The killer was allegedly among four right-wing fanatics who conspired on May 2, 2002, ...

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Globe and Mail

Logical punishment for massacre is death or acquittal, Breivik says
Globe and Mail
Oslo— AP Confessed mas killer Anders Behring Breivik says the logical punishment for his massacre of 77 people would be either the death penalty or an acquittal. Mr. Breivik says the maximum prison term in Norway of 21 years is “pathetic.

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Luton hits back at 'nutter' Breivik
The Press Association
Luton residents have hit back at slurs on their town by mass killer Anders Breivik, dismissing him as a "nutter". Addressing the Norwegian court where he is on trial for the massacre of 77 people, Breivik reportedly described "war-like conditions" in ...

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Breivik glorifies Norway mass killings

The man who has admitted the mass killings of 77 people in Norway last year has told a court he acted out of "goodness, not evil" in order to
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Любовь до гроба - zzBalaklavAzz

its last mission; it's been trial video: 'Norway killer' claims self-defense, cries in court is on trial on terror
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Anders Behring Breivik chiede l'assoluzione

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What's Ahead for Admitted Mass Killer Breivik?

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PBSNewsHour

Admitted Norway Killer Breivik: 'I Would Have Done it Again'

When , the defendant in last year's Norway's massacre who is accused of killing 77 people, took the witness stand Tuesday
PBSNewsHour

Breivik: ataque ao multiculturalismo

O segundo dia de julgamento Anders Behring Breivik foi reservado ao depoimento do acusado. Os advogados do extremista de direita, que matou 77 ...
afpbr
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Oslo Shooter Says He Didn't Go Far Enough, Pleads Not Guilty

--Norway shooter Anders Behring Breivik pleads not guilty at his murder trial, and questions the Judge and the entire court system's legitimacy. -- ...
MidweekPolitics11 hours ago288 views
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Zee News

My battle is against immigration, don't ridicule me: Breivik
Zee News
Oslo: Norwegian anti-Islamic fanatic Anders Behring Breivik complained on Wednesday he was being subjected to personal ridicule in court and demanded his killing of 77 people last summer be judged as a battle against immigration.

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Who are the Knights Templar? A look at many groups
Newsday
Nation Newsday > News > Nation Print Aa Who are the Knights Templar? A look at many groups Published: April 18, 2012 9:04 AM By The Associated Press The Associated Press () Norwegian mass killer Anders Behring Breivik has claimed allegiance to the ...

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Mike Nova's starred items

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Anders Breivik trial: Who are the Knights Templar?
Toronto Star
The Associated Press Norwegian mass killer Anders Behring Breivik has claimed allegiance to the Knights Templar, which he described as a secret society created to carry out a crusade against Islam in Europe. Several unrelated organizations claim the ...

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Video: Anders Behring Breivik: 'I would have done it again'
Montreal Gazette
OSLO - The Norwegian anti-Islamic gunman who massacred 77 people said in court on Tuesday his shooting spree and bomb attack were "sophisticated and spectacular" and that he would do the same thing again. Anders Behring Breivik, 33, has pleaded not ...

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via Twitter / mikenov on 4/18/12
mikenov: @GeirLippestad Wednesday, April 18, 2012 Does Breivik suffer from DELUSIONAL DISORDER, Grandiose - Persecutory Type? http://t.co/c9BE0gSH

via Twitter / mikenov on 4/18/12
mikenov: Forensic Psychiatry News: Does Breivik suffer from DELUSIONAL DISORDER? http://t.co/pq6I2xKO

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mikenov: Forensic Psychiatry News: Mike Nova: Breivik Trial and The Crisis Of Psychia... http://t.co/ghUBUqc5


The Guardian

Anders Behring Breivik trial, day three - Wednesday 18 April
The Guardian
3.35pm: Here's a summary of today's proceedings: • Anders Behring Breivik said he should either be acquitted or executed, describing the maximum jail term of 21 years as a "pathetic punishment". He said he did not wish to be executed "but would have ...
Prosecutors Press Norwegian on Extremist AffiliationsNew York Times
Anders Breivik trial: Who are the Knights Templar?Toronto Star
Who are the Knights Templar? A look at many groupsThe Seattle Times

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Anders Behring Breivik trial, day three - Wednesday 18 April | World news | guardian.co.uk

Anders Behring Breivik trial, day three - Wednesday 18 April

Breivik interrogated
Anders Behring Breivik sitting in the witness box is interrogated by the prosecution during the third day of his trial in Oslo. Photograph: Odd Andersen/AFP/Getty Images
Live blog: recap
3.35pm: Here's a summary of today's proceedings:
Anders Behring Breivik said he should either be acquitted or executed, describing the maximum jail term of 21 years as a "pathetic punishment". He said he did not wish to be executed "but would have respected it".
On his second day of questioning by the prosecution, he showed several signs of frustration, accusing his interrogator variously of ridiculing him, "delegitimising" him and calling him a liar. He refused to answer a number of questions. Amid suspicions that he could not verify information in his manifesto he insisted that he did not want to help the prosecutor and/or was protecting others.
Breivik said his actions on 22 July last year were inspired by "Serb nationalists" as he attempted to distance himself from the "old school" of rightwing extremism propagated by the Nazis.
The accused claimed that he met a Serb nationalist wanted for war crimes when he visited Liberia in 2002. He refused to name the man in question but Norwegian police suspect he was referring to former paramilitary commander Milorad Ulemek, who was convicted of assassinating Serbia's pro-western prime minister Zoran Djindjic. However, police are not sure whether the pair actually met, and Ulemek's lawyer claims they have not.
Asked if the real reason he went to Liberia was to buy diamonds, the defendant insisted that he adopted the guise of a diamond trader as a "cover".
Facing scepticism from the prosecution, Breivik insisted that the the Knights Templar (KT) anti-Islam network he claimed to be a member of was real and that he did attend a meeting of the group in London in 2002. But he gave conflicting evidence about the group and his role within it. He described the KT as both a grass roots movement and a series of one man cells. He also said he was a "cell commander" when he came back from the KT meeting in London but later said that that was incorrect. He also failed to explain how he came up with his estimation that there were 15 to 80 members in KT but insisted there were more than 15.
Breivik talked about the "English protestant host" in London who became his "mentor" but refused to reveal his identity. That man is named in his manifesto, as Richard the Lionheart. Shortly after the 22 July massacre, Paul Ray, who writes a blog under the name Lionheart, said he belonged to an anti-Muslim group called The Ancient Order of the Templar Knights but denied ever meeting Breivik and said he was horrified by the killings (see 10.29am).
The defendant repeated the claim made to police after his arrest that there were two other cells in Norway ready to attack and said that could happen "any day".
He described al-Qaida as "methodological role models" for militant nationalists but said the extremist group are "expansionist" while he is "isolationist".
3.04pm: The chief judge, Elisabeth Arntzen, brings today's proceedings to a close.
She says tomorrow will focus on the events leading up to 22 July last year and the bomb in the government quarter of Oslo.
I'll post a summary of the day's events shortly.
3.02pm: Asked whether he wants an ethnically pure Norway, Breivik responds that he can accept 2% of the population not being so.


Breivik: I'd prefer execution to prison
Gunman tells Oslo court he would rather face capital punishment than 'pathetic' maximum sentence


The Guardian

Anders Behring Breivik attacks inspired by Serbian nationalists, court hears
The Guardian
Last summer's attacks on Norway were inspired by "Serb nationalists", Anders Behring Breivik has told a court in Olso as he attempted to distance himself from the "old school" of rightwing extremism propagated by the Nazis. Giving evidence for a second ...
Anders Behring Breivik wants death penalty or acquittalBoston Herald
Anders Behring Breivik wants acquittal or death penaltyBBC News
Norway's Breivik resists prosecution's attempts to delve into his pastChristian Science Monitor

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The Nelson Mail

Breivik wants freedom or death for massacre
Atlanta Journal Constitution
Accused Norwegian Anders Behring Breivik gestures on arrival at the courtroom, in Oslo, Norway, Wednesday April 18, 2012. Breivik has five days to explain why he detonated a bomb outside government headquarters in Oslo, killing eight people, ...
Norway mass killer complains of being ridiculedThe Nelson Mail
Global News RoundupThe Zimbabwean

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Breivik wants death penalty or acquittal
Seattle Post Intelligencer
KARL RITTER, AP Accused Norwegian Anders Behring Breivik gestures on arrival at the courtroom, in Oslo, Norway, Wednesday April 18, 2012. Breivik has five days to explain why he detonated a bomb outside government headquarters in Oslo, killing eight ...


Times LIVE

Norway's mass killer demands acquittal or death
Times LIVE
Defendant Anders Behring Breivik listens to his lawyer Geir Lippestad (L), during the first day of his trial in Oslo, April 16, 2012. The terrorism and murder trial against Norwegian mass killer Anders Behring Breivik, who has confessed to the bomb and ...
'Execute me or set me free'Herald Sun

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