Money Motivates Mental Health Moves: DSM-5, Meet Makers of Medicine
In the interest of full disclosure, let me be perfectly clear.
As a therapist, I use the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders), the ‘mental health bible’ that helps diagnose and define treatment, frequently. I find it pivotal in making diagnoses, and then in providing a shared language to discuss those diagnoses with consulting psychiatrists, with other treaters, with educators. I share it with clients to assist them in understanding their illnesses and potential treatments, and it’s a useful tool to help third-party payers understand the needs of the patients.
Again in the interest of full disclosure, I had already found myself frustrated with several of the committee on the DSM-5‘s decisions. In an act of tremendous restraint, I won’t go over again my opposition to doing away with the bereavement exclusion [but won't deprive you of a hyperlink to my mini-rant], nor will I carry on again about the potential inclusion of Hypersexuality and Internet Addiction [ok--link here if you can't keep yourself away]. But the APA’s process of updating ‘the mental health bible’ crawled under my skin once again–not for its lack of full disclosure, really, as much as its seeming indifference to what the disclosure indicated.
So if I’ve got this right [and I have a good sense that I do; it isn't as difficult as the proverbial rocket science], and if I return for the moment to the DSM-5′s exclusion of the bereavement clause, which means, just to sum up, that after two weeks of grief symptoms (which, it is already known and accepted, overlap with depressive symptoms), a bereaved person can be diagnosed with depression, I could be looking at something like this, if I were take the most Machiavellian view. Depression, as opposed to grief, can be treated with and has found to be responsive to psychotropic medications. Thus turning grief into a depression yields more prescriptions, which could potentially benefit any of that high percentage of doctors sitting on the committee with connections to the companies that make these meds.
And here’s the thing: This office isn’t unusual in its collection of tchotchkes advertising psychotropics or other meds. It’s all over.
As a therapist, I use the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders), the ‘mental health bible’ that helps diagnose and define treatment, frequently. I find it pivotal in making diagnoses, and then in providing a shared language to discuss those diagnoses with consulting psychiatrists, with other treaters, with educators. I share it with clients to assist them in understanding their illnesses and potential treatments, and it’s a useful tool to help third-party payers understand the needs of the patients.
Really, overall I’m a fan, and I rely upon it.
Which is probably why I find myself so frustrated with the current process of updating the (ready for this one?) DSM-IV-TR (don’t ask) to the DSM-5.
Perhaps I’m an innocent (highly unlikely), but I had counted on the American Psychiatric Association (APA), the group responsible for the updating of the DSM (soon this will be an alphabet soup), to keep the process relatively untainted.
I had counted wrong.
Again in the interest of full disclosure, I had already found myself frustrated with several of the committee on the DSM-5‘s decisions. In an act of tremendous restraint, I won’t go over again my opposition to doing away with the bereavement exclusion [but won't deprive you of a hyperlink to my mini-rant], nor will I carry on again about the potential inclusion of Hypersexuality and Internet Addiction [ok--link here if you can't keep yourself away]. But the APA’s process of updating ‘the mental health bible’ crawled under my skin once again–not for its lack of full disclosure, really, as much as its seeming indifference to what the disclosure indicated.
Just for some background: There are 141 panel members on the 13 DSM-5 panels and 29 task force members. The members of these 13 panels are the ones in charge of revisions to diagnostic categories and inclusion of new disorders.
So far, so good.
Until you look a bit further, and realize the DSM-5 process has enough ties to big money (pharmaceutical money, of course), to make good old Bernie Madoff, who, it turns out, had very few ties to actual money, squirm with jealousy.
In “A Comparison of DSM-IV and DSM-5 Panel Members’ Financial Associations with Industry: A Pernicious Problem Persists,” Lisa Cosgrove, PhD, from the Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics at Harvard University, and Sheldon Krimsky, PhD, from the Department of Public Health and Community Medicine at Tufts University, write the following astonishing facts about the DSM’s financial connections to big pharm:
Three-fourths of the work groups continue to have a majority of their members with financial ties to the pharmaceutical industry. It is also noteworthy that, as with the DSM-IV, the most conflicted panels are those for which pharmacological treatment is the first-line intervention. For example, 67% . . . of the panel for Mood Disorders, 83% . . . of the panel for Psychotic Disorders, and 100% . . .[Note to reader: this 100% is a personal favorite of mine. How can you beat it?] of the Sleep/Wake Disorders (which now includes “Restless Leg Syndrome”) have ties to the pharmaceutical companies that manufacture the medications used to treat these disorders or to companies that service the pharmaceutical industry.
So if I’ve got this right [and I have a good sense that I do; it isn't as difficult as the proverbial rocket science], and if I return for the moment to the DSM-5′s exclusion of the bereavement clause, which means, just to sum up, that after two weeks of grief symptoms (which, it is already known and accepted, overlap with depressive symptoms), a bereaved person can be diagnosed with depression, I could be looking at something like this, if I were take the most Machiavellian view. Depression, as opposed to grief, can be treated with and has found to be responsive to psychotropic medications. Thus turning grief into a depression yields more prescriptions, which could potentially benefit any of that high percentage of doctors sitting on the committee with connections to the companies that make these meds.
I don’t really think that the 67% of the Mood Disorders committee members insisted on turning grief into a mood disorder with the thought that they would profit financially, hoping that the pharmaceutical companies they’re connected would step in to provide psychotropics to the bereaved. Not for a moment. But it might be difficult for those committee members to completely keep that idea out of their heads. That’s why conflicts of interests are problems.
Krimsky himself clarified that his article was not meant to be a ‘witch hunt.’ He said, “I don’t believe that anyone on the panel is purposefully making decisions that favor industry. The issue is more subtle and just as impactful. We all have the potential for bias in a conflicted situation, and we’re all really defended against looking at those biases, and therein lies the danger.”
I enjoyed some of the APA’s responses to the Krimsky-Cosgrove article. Take David Elkins, president of the American Psychological Association’s Society for Humanistic Psychology (a society I, myself, had never heard of until the other day, but one with a title that piques my interest. And–who knew?–it’s division #32 of the American Psychological Association. I think my time could be well spent finding what the first 31 divisions are.).
When asked what he had to say in response to the fact that seven in 10 DSM-5 task force members have drug company ties, Elkins was eloquent.
He was, not to put too fine a point on it, “dismayed.”
I love a man of few words.
But it gets better. The APA medical director and CEO is one Dr. James Scully. And he says–and I don’t want people to miss this:
We wanted to include a wide variety of scientists and researchers with a range of expertise and viewpoints in the DSM-5 process. Excluding everyone with direct or indirect funding from the industry would unreasonably limit the participation of leading mental health experts in the DSM-5 development process.
Ok, I admit it. Those are my own italics. I can’t help it; it’s priceless.
So, according to Scully, it’s worse than we even thought. Looking for a mental health expert? Just know she’s connected to the pharmaceutical companies. So much so, that if you keep anyone connected to the drug makers out of a given process, you’ve lost your expertise base.
Now I feel better about the whole thing.
And the truth is that this isn’t as much of a shock to me as it might have been. One incident proves little, but it made an impression on me, and, woven into the tapestry of the Scully argument, bolsters my concern about the infiltration of the drug companies into clinical practice.
The consulting psychiatrist and I met together with a patient to get all views on the table at once, and to present a cohesive treatment plan. We met in the psychiatrist’s office, where the doctor kindly proffered me a pen as I searched my purse for one I couldn’t find [of course, now that I didn't need them, I could locate my glasses, my bottle of baby aspirin, and the receipt for the panty hose I'd been meaning to return--but couldn't find the receipt].
This was no plain pen–it was a Paxil pen–with the medicine’s name and logo written large upon it. The pad of paper he provided was dominated by Effexor’s name–and, I kid you not, he had a Seroquel mug. My patient and I sanitized our hands from a plastic bottle emblazoned with ‘Pristiq,’ and I actually watched time pass on a cheap plastic clock with Abilify’s name plastered across the face.
I stayed put, for I was certain, had I gone to the restroom, I would have been met with toilet paper carrying Zyprexa’s name, and that, really, was the limit.
And here’s the thing: This office isn’t unusual in its collection of tchotchkes advertising psychotropics or other meds. It’s all over.
In the interest of full disclosure, let me clarify: I thought this was an excellent psychiatrist. Probably he’s sitting on the Mood Disorders committee of the DSM-5, offering his expert opinion, and writing down notes on his Zoloft clipboard.
Because if you cut him out of the DSM-5 process just because he’s connected to the pharmaceutical companies–really, who do you have left?
You know what? In the interest of full disclosure I tell you: I’ve never heard of the APA’s society for humanistic psychology, but I’m right there with its president. When it comes to how the DSM-5 is being compiled, I too am–in a word–”dismayed.”
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What You Really Shouldn’t Miss
- Please forgive the sacrilegious quality to this–but it is truly hilarious. No need to count on the DSM-5 to invent more psychiatric illnesses with which you might one day be labelled. Oh no–there’s the “Disease Mongering Engine.” It asks: “Why let the drug companies have all the fun? YOU can invent diseases, too! Click the “Generate” button below to create your very own disease, disorder, or syndrome.” See what you can invent, patent and diagnose others with at http://www.naturalnews.com/disease-mongering-engine.asp
- “A Comparison of DSM-IV and DSM-5 Panel Members’ Financial Associations with Industry: A Pernicious Problem Persists.” The piece by Krimsky and Cosgrove, critiquing the role of the pharmaceutical companies in the development of the DSM-5. (http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001190)
- “APA Criticized Over DSM-5 Panel Members’ Industry Ties” (http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/760542)
- “Many Authors of Psychiatry Bible Have Industry Ties” (http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn21580-many-authors-of-psychiatry-bible-have-industry-ties.html?DCMP=OTC-rss&nsref=health)
- “DSM-5 Critics Pump Up the Volume” (http://pdresources.wordpress.com/2012/03/12/dsm-5-critics-pump-up-the-volume/)
- “Prescribing Under the Influence” (http://www.scu.edu/ethics/publications/submitted/morreim/prescribing.html). An interesting piece on how gifts to doctors from drug companies might impact physicians’ prescribing habits.
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This entry was posted in Bereavement, Mood Disorders and tagged American Psychiatric Association, DSM-5, DSM-5 and financial conflicts of interest, DSM-5 and pharmaceutical company ties, medicine's ties to pharmaceutical companies. Bookmark the permalink.
Can I sign a petition if I am unlicensed? (Probably not, hey?)
I had the worse deppresive episode of my life for about 6 months after my cat died. Luckily for me, my diagnosis is type-II bipolar which doesn’t have a (pet) bereavement exclusion clause, b/c I was suffering terribly and I was able to recover with the combination of medicine and therapy. I’m not saying that there aren’t potential negative consequences of removing the bereavement exemption, but I really don’t think you should lump it in with the negative consequences of undue involvement by the industry in the revision process.
If nothing else, removing the exemption, along with some other things like changing from a more categorical to dimensional approach, represents a change in the dsm-III/iv philosophy of mental disorders being discrete disease entities with an implied fully biological etiology. I’m not saying this will hamper the industry or slow down the monetezation of mental illness, but it is an interesting trend worth watching.