"The American Psychiatric Association issues a warning: No psychoanalyzing Donald Trump" - WP
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Analyze zis, to your hearts' content!
Analyze zis, to your hearts' content!
Last Updated: 9.12.16 | Published: 8/11/16, 9:08 AM
- The APA, the "Goldwater rule", and politicization of psychiatry
The APA, scientifically and intellectually (and possibly financially) bankrupt, has no right to issue moral or ethical rules, regulations, prescriptions, and proscriptions on political matters (see also politicization of psychiatry).
It is clear that psychiatrists, psychologists or other professionals in the mental health field, just like any other experts and non-experts, with or without the strings of letters attached to their names, just render their opinions from the non-clinical point of view, without any intentions of diagnosing the candidates for clinical purposes or offering their clinical interventions.
"At some level, we are all personality and social psychologists, observing our social worlds and trying to understand why people behave, think, and feel as they do. In the aftermath of schoolyard shootings we can hardly help but hypothesize answers to the many questions that come to mind."
The issue of psychiatrically diagnosing or non-diagnosing the politicians is irrelevant, besides being always subjective and personally tinged. As the origin of the "Goldwater rule" suggests, "we (psychiatrists) were thinking politics. We were against Goldwater".
- The "psychiatric diagnosis" as language
The current system of the so-called psychiatric diagnosis is a myth and fiction, especially in the fields of personology and political personology, where the "psychiatric diagnosis" particularly lacks the conceptual and other types of validity, which makes the various diagnostic systems very hypothetical by their nature.
"Psychiatric diagnosis", apart from the "organic (biological) psychiatry", where it still is not explored, practiced and developed properly, has insufficient scientific basis in it, and it is more of an attempt at the common language in professional communications, billing, and research; and almost irrelevant in research either, as it was recently confirmed.
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The ethical standards of clinical practice are not applicable in the political situations.
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- The First Amendment concerns
The attempt to insist on them might be viewed as asserting "authority, or ownership, or authorship rights" to some exclusive descriptive diagnostic language, as if it were from the APA "proprietary" diagnostic labeling manual, which simply is a much evolved, decorated and "elaborated" version of the Kraepelinian "Table of Contents".
The attempt to assert the exclusive rights to the use of the "professional language" and the use of the "professional labeling" system might raise the First Amendment concerns regarding this claimed monopoly on language, in addition to "the right to speak one’s conscience regarding concerns about the psychological stability of high office holders and competing considerations regarding one’s role as a private citizen versus that as a professional figure."
The perverse psychiatric power of "diagnostic" labeling might be and is used, intentionally or not, as an instrument of social control and political struggle, by influencing the public opinion and voters' intentions. The best way to counteract this perverse power is to accept the wide range of opinions, professional or not, "diagnostic" or not, in the complex mix of political discussions. This mix cannot be avoided anyway, rules or no rules, and that's what we see. Opinions ("paradigms") always compete with each other, be it science, politics, medicine, psychiatry, or "expert opinions" about political candidates. They say this competition is good for the "bidniz".
The American electorate is wise and sophisticated enough to form their own impressions and to make their own decisions, regardless of this political psychiatric labeling. This labeling is simply irrelevant.
People judge the candidates by their deeds, words, behaviors, personal affinities and preferences, and other criteria; not by their psychiatric diagnostic labels. Goldwater lost politically, not because more than a thousand psychiatrists attached their various labels to him.
APA would be better off looking into their own problems and issues, rather than lecturing the public and journalists, some of whom happen to be the psychiatrists by training and experience, from its assumed high position of "medical (or any other) non-authority".
- Psychiatry and Political Science
This subject belongs more to psychobiography, psychohistory, political science, and social and political psychology than to the clinical disciplines and they have their own rules or "no-rules", whatever helps them to understand and to explain to themselves and others the subjects of their studies. They speak many different languages, mostly non-clinical, and from the various disciplines.
There are no reasons to sprinkle these subjects in motion with the dead flowers' scents of the "Goldwater rules" and such; these rules are senseless, akin to censorship, and unenforceable.
These rules might have, at least hypothetically, a restrictive and stifling effect on political speech and discussions, in addition to being possibly unconstitutional.
The political operators of our times (and the times past), unburdened by the lack of the lettered strings, are fonder of the "Hot water rules": "put them all into the hot water, with or without the appropriate (or inappropriate) analysis, and see what the outcome of this crucible will be".
“Any vulnerability can be exploited by people and will be,” explains Newt Gingrich, the former speaker of the House and presidential candidate, whose late mother had bipolar disorder. “That’s just the nature of a very rough-and-tumble-type business.”
“Any vulnerability can be exploited by people and will be,” explains Newt Gingrich, the former speaker of the House and presidential candidate, whose late mother had bipolar disorder. “That’s just the nature of a very rough-and-tumble-type business.”
- The "Trump phenomenon"
"Trump has now self-destructed in such a shocking fashion, revealing his true, ugly self, that many average Americans have decided he’s crazy. I’ll leave actual diagnosis to mental health professionals, but the case for Trump having something very wrong with him now seems self-evident."
Trump as "The Ultimate American Narcissist", a common thread in Trump's six recent biographies as the "Consistent Portraits of a High-Decibel Narcissist", is a complex political and social phenomenon, not just the individual and psychological one. It defies and transcends the Procrustean bed of any conventional labels, "disorders", "diagnostic" formulas and definitions. The attempts at "diagnosing" him reflect just our sense of wonder, helplessness, and frustration in trying to comprehend, to understand, and to explain this phenomenon. Half of the American voters like Trump, because he is Trump, and they want him to continue being Trump, meaning, "genuine and himself", even if sometimes or too often a part of the picture looks "ugly".
The possible key towards the understanding of "Trump phenomenon" is the unique and special relationship between the group and the leader, between Trump and his supporters; the group dynamics, and the psychodynamics of "charismatic leaders" and their mass appeal.
"Clinton said Republican nominee Donald Trump has a bizarre attraction to dictators", and this observation is well founded and appropriate.
- Groups and Leaders
Freud observed that group behaviors are child-like and immature, instinctive and emotional.
"Freud refers back to his theory of instincts and believes that masses are held together by libidinal bonds. Each individual in the mass acts on impulses of love that are diverted from their original objectives. They pursue no direct sexual goal, but "do not therefore work less vigorously".
American Presidential elections are the love affairs of voters and candidates, and they pass through their stages: fascination, infatuation, falling in love, establishing the relationships, and depending on circumstances, disappointment, tiredness, and divorce; or stable adoration.
The more "charismatic" is the leader, the greater is the risk apparently, for the totalitarian and dictatorial tendencies, the greater is the historical risk of hypnotic or para-hypnotic, of various kinds and types, subjugation of the groups and crowds.
The assessment method of collecting "all the relevant information" might be even more productive and closer to the truth than a formal psychiatric interview. Big politicians, attracting mass public attention, are first of all and most of all, the "political animals", their political personalities dominate all the other aspects of their mentalities and behavior. The common clinical diagnostic labels might not be applicable to them, these labels are not always productive and helpful for understanding, conceptualizing, and predicting the leaders' behaviors. The big politicians are the psychosocial exceptions by their nature, the phenomena which usually are complex and mosaic, composite and often compartmentalized. It is not sufficient to take their mental measures with the common measuring tapes and rulers; the unique, tailored assessment systems are needed, and they are used.
- The political profiling
The assessment method of collecting "all the relevant information" might be even more productive and closer to the truth than a formal psychiatric interview. Big politicians, attracting mass public attention, are first of all and most of all, the "political animals", their political personalities dominate all the other aspects of their mentalities and behavior. The common clinical diagnostic labels might not be applicable to them, these labels are not always productive and helpful for understanding, conceptualizing, and predicting the leaders' behaviors. The big politicians are the psychosocial exceptions by their nature, the phenomena which usually are complex and mosaic, composite and often compartmentalized. It is not sufficient to take their mental measures with the common measuring tapes and rulers; the unique, tailored assessment systems are needed, and they are used.
The art and craft of "Teasing Out Policy Insight From a Character Profile" has a long history and is practiced broadly by the political and the intelligence bodies. Personality profiling of leaders in intelligence assessment is a part of this practice.
- Psychiatrists and Commentators
Ironically and paradoxically, Charles Krauthammer, a columnist and a psychiatrist, a supporter of the "Goldwater rule", who pronounced that "the very attempt to make such a diagnosis at a distance is malpractice," was accused of many incidents of this "malpractice" himself. Indeed, "to think that one can decipher the inner life of some distant public figure is folly. Even the experts haven't a clue..."
- Tasks, assessments, and common sense
Evaluations and assessments are task-specific, and some of them might have important significance, for example in the National Security matters; and some of them might be used in the strategic intelligence assessments.
Michael Morell's op-ed, for example, may be considered as one of the most notable pieces of writing (and action!) in the area of strategic intelligence. He had no need for the psychiatric assessment system at all in this instance, although he alluded to it:
Intelligence analysis is often compared with medical diagnosis; both operate in the dark, relying on clues (symptoms), ranging from clear-cut to ambiguous, contradictory, or uncertain. Some practical sense has to be derived from this uncertainty. It is an intuitive process, relying on experience and skills, more a craft than an art. It is also a proactive process, it is task, goal, and intervention oriented.
"These traits include his obvious need for self-aggrandizement, his overreaction to perceived slights, his tendency to make decisions based on intuition, his refusal to change his views based on new information, his routine carelessness with the facts, his unwillingness to listen to others and his lack of respect for the rule of law.
The dangers that flow from Mr. Trump’s character are not just risks that would emerge if he became president. It is already damaging our national security."
Mr. Morell used his and his services' own assessment system, which is concise, clear, common sense, and convincing. Intelligence analysis is often compared with medical diagnosis; both operate in the dark, relying on clues (symptoms), ranging from clear-cut to ambiguous, contradictory, or uncertain. Some practical sense has to be derived from this uncertainty. It is an intuitive process, relying on experience and skills, more a craft than an art. It is also a proactive process, it is task, goal, and intervention oriented.
Michael Novakhov
Jerome Kroll, MD, and Claire Pouncey, MD, PhD
"Section 7.3 of the code of ethics of the American Psychiatric Association (APA) cautions psychiatrists against making public statements about public figures whom they have not formally evaluated. The APA’s concern is to safeguard the public perception of psychiatry as a scientific and credible profession. The ethic is that diagnostic terminology and theory should not be used for speculative or ad hominem attacks that promote the interests of the individual physician or for political and ideological causes. However, the Goldwater Rule presents conflicting problems. These include the right to speak one’s conscience regarding concerns about the psychological stability of high office holders and competing considerations regarding one’s role as a private citizen versus that as a professional figure. Furthermore, the APA’s proscription on diagnosis without formal interview can be questioned, since third-party payers, expert witnesses in law cases, and historical psychobiographers make diagnoses without conducting formal interviews. Some third-party assessments are reckless, but do not negate legitimate reasons for providing thoughtful education to the public and voicing psychiatric concerns as acts of conscience. We conclude that the Goldwater Rule was an excessive organizational response to what was clearly an inflammatory and embarrassing moment for American psychiatry." J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 44:226 –35, 2016
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Links
Main Articles
- 8.15.16 - The Psychiatric Question: Is It Fair to Analyze Donald Trump From Afar? - The New York Times
- 8.11.16 - Amateurs analyze Trump's mind, but should the pros do it?
- 8.7.16 - The American Psychiatric Association issues a warning: No psychoanalyzing Donald Trump - The Washington Post
- The American Psychiatric Association issues a warning: No psychoanalyzing Donald Trump - Google Search
- 8.7.16 - Balance, Fairness and a Proudly Provocative Presidential Candidate - The New York Times
- June 2016 - A Psychologist Analyzes Donald Trump’s Personality - The Atlantic
- 3.7.16 - Should Therapists Analyze Presidential Candidates? - The New York Times
- 5.23.11 - Psychiatric Insights, and Ethics, Blurred From Afar - The New York Times
- 3.28.11 - C.I.A. Profiling Delves Into the Minds of Global Leaders - The New York Times
- 2016 - The Ethics of APA's Goldwater Rule
- 4.29.13 - NIMH · Transforming Diagnosis
- Psychiatrists Can’t Tell Us What They Think About Trump | FiveThirtyEight
- 8.22.16 - The Truth About Trump | The XX Committee
- Could America Elect a Mentally Ill President? - POLITICO Magazine
- What a Psychiatrist Won’t Tell You About the Candidates - WhoWhatWhy
- News Reviews and Opinions: Analyze zis, to your hearts' content! - The American Psychiatric Association issues a warning: No psychoanalyzing Donald Trump - WP
Ethical issues in psychiatry and "Goldwater rule"
- Deconstructing and Reconstructing the “Goldwater Rule” | Psychiatric Times
- The Goldwater Rule | Psychology Today
- The Goldwater Rule: Why breaking it is Unethical and Irresponsible
- Ethical issues in psychiatry - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- psychiatry ethical rules in political matters - Google Search
- No Goldwater rule - Google Search
- proscriptions on political matters - Google Search
APA
- american psychiatric association - Google Search
- american psychiatric association scientifically intellectually bankrupt - Google Search
Free speech
- First Amendment to the United States Constitution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- free speech - Google Search
Psychiatric diagnosis
- Category:Psychiatric diagnosis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- psychiatric diagnosis - Google Search
- psychiatric diagnostic systems very hypothetical - Google Search
- conceptual and other types of validity - Google Search
- organic (biological) psychiatry - Google Search
- organic psychiatry - Google Search
- biological psychiatry - Google Search
- psychiatric diagnosis - Google Search
- psychiatric diagnosis is a myth and fiction - Google Search
- psychiatric diagnosis has no scientific basis - Google Search
- psychiatric diagnosis as professional language - Google Search
- dsm and Kraepelinian textbook Table of Contents - Google Search
- psychiatric diagnosis as professional labeling system - Google Search
- long distance psychiatric diagnosis - Google Search
Personality
- Personality - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Personality psychology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Personality in Political Psychology - Handbook of Psychology - Immelman - Wiley Online Library
- Personology | Study Notes
- Personology | Duke University Press
- What is PERSONOLOGY? definition of PERSONOLOGY (Psychology Dictionary)
- Theories of Personality | Simply Psychology
- What is Social/Personality Psychology? | SPSP
- Personality psychology - Google Search
- personology - Google Search
Political personology
- Personality and politics - Political psychology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Political psychology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Behavior and Law: Political Personology - Links
- political personology - Google Search
The Trump Phenomenon
- In Books on Donald Trump, Consistent Portraits of a High-Decibel Narcissist - The New York Times
- Trump phenomenon - Google Search
- trump, poltics, psychiatry - Google Search
- trump mentally unstable - Google Search
- mosaic structure of personality - Google Search
- personality mosaic - Google Search
- procrustean bed definition - Google Search
Group and "charismatic leader"
- Charismatic authority - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- freud group psychology - Google Search
- group and leader - Google Search
- charismatic leader - Google Search
- psychodynamics of charismatic leader mass appeal - Google Search
- group dynamics of charismatic leader mass appeal - Google Search
Personality profiling of leaders
- personality profiling of leaders in intelligence assessment - Google Search
- personality profile of leaders in intelligence assessment - Google Search
- personality profiles of leaders in intelligence assessment - Google Search
Psychiatry and political science
- politicization of psychiatry - Google Search
- political science - Google Search
- psychobiography - Google Search
- psychohistory - Google Search
- American electorate - Google Search
- The American electorate is wise and sophisticated - Google Search
- political operators - Google Search
- In hot water - Idioms by The Free Dictionary
- hot water idiom - Google Search
Political Behavior
- Theories of political behavior - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- political behavior - Google Search
- political behavior of the american electorate - Google Search
- political behavior studies - Google Search
Psychiatrists as political commentators
- High-profile Psychiatrist Criticized for Remote, Politicized Diagnosing - Mad In America
- Keith Ablow - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- psychiatrist Keith Ablow - Google Search
- psychiatrist Keith Ablow on trump - Google Search
- Jeffrey Lieberman - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Jeffrey Lieberman md - Google Search
Charles Krauthammer
News - 2016 presidential election candidates personal health issues - from 8.29.16
- The Clinton Health Rumors Aren't Going Away Anytime Soon. Here's Why : NPR
- Clinton says could not recall all briefings due to concussion: FBI report
- Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump, Ages 68 and 70, Share Few Health Details - The New York Times
- Another View: Voters deserve to know more about candidates' health - The Portland Press Herald / Maine Sunday Telegram
- New questions about Trump’s doctor’s note create opening for Clinton to fire back on health rumors - The Washington Post
- Donald Trump challenges Hillary Clinton to release detailed medical records - CNNPolitics.com
- Is This the Way to Get Rid of the Ridiculous Health Conspiracy Theories? - POLITICO Magazine
- News - 2016 presidential election candidates personal health issues - Google Search
- News - 2016 presidential election candidate health issues - Google Search
- 2016 presidential election candidates personal health issues - Google Search
- 2016 presidential election candidate health issues - Google Search
- 2016 presidential election candidate medical issues - Google Search
- 2016 presidential election candidates personal medical issues - Google Search
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Aug 11, 3:57 AM EDT
Amateurs analyze Trump's mind, but should the pros do it?
By SETH BORENSTEIN
AP Science Writer
WASHINGTON (AP) -- Amateur psychoanalysts have put Donald Trump on the couch, calling him a sociopath, unhinged, a narcissist. Amid all this psych-talk, there is one group of people who aren't talking as much: the professionals. Or at least they're not supposed to.
Professional ethics dictate that psychiatrists and psychologists avoid publicly analyzing or diagnosing someone they've never examined, but there is new and unusually vocal dissension against this long-held gag rule because of what some of them think they hear and see in Trump. Because these professionals tend to be more liberal the result is a juggling act of propriety, politics and ethics.
Armchair psychology has exploded into social media and op-ed columns over the past week, most recently with Trump's comment Tuesday calling on gun-rights supporters to stop Democratic rival Hillary Clinton. His political opponents have grabbed hold, with President Barack Obama calling the Republican presidential nominee "unfit" and a Democratic congresswoman starting a petition to force Trump to undergo a mental health evaluation.
Members of the American Psychiatric Association are bound by a 43-year-old ethics rule, called the Goldwater rule because it stems from mistaken public concerns about the mental health of the 1964 Republican presidential nominee, Sen. Barry Goldwater. Psychiatrists have been reprimanded and can be booted out of the organization if they violate that rule.
But some are now chafing at the restriction, saying they feel obligated to speak out with their worries about Trump. Others see those analyses of the candidate as dangerous and jumping to false conclusions. The Associated Press spoke to 11 psychiatrists and psychologists for this story and they were split about whether they should talk publicly about candidates' mental health.
Analysis and diagnosis without meeting a patient, and without medical records, "are so likely to be wrong, so likely to be harmful to that person and so likely to discourage people from seeking psychiatric treatment that psychiatrists should not engage in that behavior," said Columbia University's Dr. Paul Appelbaum, a past president of the American Psychiatric Association.
This month the psychiatric association even posted a warning on its website, reminding professionals to stay mum: "The unique atmosphere of this year's election cycle may lead some to want to psychoanalyze the candidates, but to do so would not only be unethical, it would be irresponsible."
But a few experts do discuss Trump publicly, dancing the fine line between diagnosis and merely describing what they see in his public appearances and pronouncements. The University of Minnesota's Dr. Jerome Kroll is one of them. He co-wrote an academic journal commentary calling for the end of the Goldwater rule.
"I am a citizen," he said. "If I have something to say, what I say might be stupid. What I say may embarrass psychiatry, but it's certainly not medically unethical."
"I think he (Trump) comes as close to the narcissistic description as one would find," Kroll said. "I think that would disqualify him. I am breaking the Goldwater rule as we speak."
The Trump campaign did not respond to repeated requests for comment.
Trump and his supporters have leveled their own accusations at Clinton. "She is unhinged," Trump said last week, "she's truly unhinged, and she is unbalanced, totally unbalanced." Polls show that voters lack trust in Clinton and her marriage has for years been the subject of amateur analysis centered around why she stays with a philandering husband. None of the psychologists or psychiatrists interviewed raised mental health issues about Clinton.
Katherine Nordal, the American Psychological Association executive director for professional practice and interim ethics chief, considers it "inappropriate behavior" for psychologists to diagnose people they haven't examined.
"To be throwing around diagnoses willy-nilly," Nordal said, "is just kind of a dangerous thing to do."
A group of mental health professionals warned about the dangers of Trump's ideology in a petition signed by more than 2,000 therapists. They don't suggest a diagnosis, instead concentrating on what he says and does. They say his rhetoric normalizes what isn't normal: "the tendency to blame others in our lives for our personal fears and insecurities."
Experts say narcissistic personality disorder, which involves an inflated sense of self-worth, a deep need for admiration and a lack of empathy for others, is actually a behavior rather than a mental illness that can be diagnosed, like schizophrenia.
"He talks about himself all the time," said Northwestern University psychology professor Dan McAdams, who wrote an Atlantic magazine article on Trump's personality. "Even at his father's funeral he talked about himself. He can't quit talking about himself."
For some professionals, speaking out is a matter of warning the public of impending danger.
"We recognize certain patterns of behavior to be potentially dangerous and if a mental health professional feels compelled to warn they should be able to do it," said Philadelphia psychiatrist Dr. Claire Pouncey, president of the Association for the Advancement of Philosophy and Psychiatry and co-author of the anti-Goldwater rule commentary with Kroll.
"I think he is dangerous and erratic, but it doesn't take a psychiatrist to point that out," she said, noting that she isn't diagnosing his mental condition, just commenting on what Trump says and does.
Goldwater was an ultra-conservative candidate, and a now-defunct magazine sent out a survey to thousands of members of the psychiatry association and asked them what they thought of Goldwater. More than 1,000 psychiatrists responded and some gave intricate diagnoses such as "paranoid" and "dangerous lunatic" and "counterfeit figure of a masculine man." Goldwater sued the magazine and won.
In 1973, the psychiatry association adopted the Goldwater rule. Dr. Alan Stone, a professor of psychiatry and the law at Harvard, was the lone board member to vote against it.
"I believe in free speech," Stone said. "If psychiatrists want to make fools of themselves, they have that right."
Stone later met Goldwater. "He was an extremely well-balanced person," he said. "We (psychiatrists) were thinking politics. We were against Goldwater."
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Online:
American Psychiatric Association: https://www.psychiatry.org/
American Psychological Association: http://www.apa.org
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09/08/16 11:35 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
mikenova shared this story . The Goldwater rule is the informal name for a precept of medical ethics promulgated by the American Psychiatric Association (APA). It forbids psychiatrists from commenting on individuals' mental state without...
» Goldwater rules - Google Search
09/08/16 11:34 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
mikenova shared this story . The Goldwater rule is the informal name for a precept of medical ethics promulgated by the American Psychiatric Association (APA). It forbids psychiatrists from commenting on individuals' mental state without...
09/08/16 11:34 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
mikenova shared this story . The Goldwater rule is the informal name for a precept of medical ethics promulgated by the American Psychiatric Association (APA). It forbids psychiatrists from commenting on individuals' mental state without...
» Goldwater Rule: Don't Discuss Trump's Mental State
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09/08/16 11:33 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
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09/08/16 11:33 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
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» Psychiatric Insights, and Ethics, Blurred From Afar
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mikenova shared this story . No sooner had Dominique Strauss-Kahn been arrested on sexual assault charges in New York than a parade of psychiatrists stepped forward to offer their expert opinion in the news media. Mr. Strauss-Kahn, who s...
09/08/16 11:32 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
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09/08/16 11:29 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
mikenova shared this story . Question: How frankly can psychiatrists speak about the mental health of public figures? Answer (in part): Psychiatrists who belong to the American Psychiatric Association are constrained in their public comm...
09/08/16 11:29 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
mikenova shared this story . Question: How frankly can psychiatrists speak about the mental health of public figures? Answer (in part): Psychiatrists who belong to the American Psychiatric Association are constrained in their public comm...
» Psychiatrists Can’t Tell Us What They Think About Trump
09/08/16 11:27 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
mikenova shared this story from Maggie Koerth-Baker – FiveThirtyEight. In a speech last week, Hillary Clinton took her befuddlement with Donald Trump and dropped it squarely at the feet of America’s mental health professionals. ...
09/08/16 11:27 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
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09/08/16 10:06 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
mikenova shared this story . Every four years, the United States goes through a protracted elections process for the highest office in the land. This year, the election seems like anything but a normal contest, that has at times devolved...
» Trump, in series of scathing personal attacks, questions Clinton’s mental health - The Washington Post
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With all of the controversial statements that 
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