Humans are Law producing and abiding animals, "legal" animals (there is no notion of "legal" behavior in the Animal Kingdom - a truly "wild life", with its atavistic traces at the roots of human criminality and at the roots of the wide variety of human criminal behaviors). Humans are "homo lexicus" (along with "homo aestheticus" and many other aspects of human nature, namely what makes humans "humans", and which is not just "homo sapience" alone by far), which increases the cohesion and the level of organisation in the human societies (with some oscillations, probably inevitable in the natural search for the "golden middle" along the historical Libertarian - Totalitarian continuum); and thus the society's, culture's, country's mights and powers, including of course, their political and military powers also.
This is more or less in line with the general biopsychosocial approach in behavioral sciences (including psychiatry) and this approach in criminology ("scientific" and traditional attempts at understanding and dealing with the universe of human criminal behaviors) can be named as
Behavioral Biopsychosocial Criminology.
The legal and nonlegal behaviors can be viewed as the phenomena arranged along the certain severity and typology spectrums, according with the historically, empirically and rationally formed legal concepts of crime and its various and many attempts at deeper and more scientific understandings of phenomena of its subject and these phenomenons' more truthful, useful, practical and efficient classifications.
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Links:
W:
Under the common law of
England, crimes were classified as either
treason,
felony or
misdemeanour, with treason sometimes being included with the felonies. This system was based on the perceived seriousness of the offence. It is still used in the
United States but the distinction between felony and misdemeanour is abolished in
England and Wales and
Northern Ireland.
U.S. classification[edit]
In the
United States since 1930, the
FBI has tabulated
Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) annually from crime data submitted by
law enforcement agencies across the
United States.
[42] Officials compile this data at the city, county, and
state levels into the UCR. They classify violations of laws based on
common law as Part I (index) crimes in UCR data. These are further categorised as violent or property crimes. Part I violent crimes include murder and criminal homicide (voluntary manslaughter), forcible rape, aggravated assault, and robbery; while Part I property crimes include burglary, arson, larceny/theft, and motor-vehicle theft. All other crimes count come under Part II.
For convenience, such lists usually include
infractions although, in the U.S., they may come into the sphere not of the criminal law, but rather of the
civil law. Compare
tortfeasance.
Booking-
arrests require detention for a time-frame ranging 1 to 24 hours.
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Classification and categorisation[edit]
Categorisation by type[edit]
The following classes of offences are used, or have been used, as legal terms of art:
Researchers and commentators have classified crimes into the following categories, in addition to those above:
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Classification and Typology of Crimes:
Behavioral Biopsychosocial Criminology Approach
The goal of this direction of studies is to to identify the "biopsychosocial": individual biological, psychological (e.g. "intrapsychic", etc.) and social (and group) factors as determinants in criminal behavior with the purpose of control over it and the development of the specific and preventive measures.
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The following is the prospective BPS (biopsychosocial ) draft note on attempt at causal, etiological classification of criminal behaviors and crimes as behavioral, (individual and group) phenomena viewed and classified as various, historically formed by the various legal systems and genetically-culturally determined by the various notions of justice, hierarchically organised by severity and types,
Offences.
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This classification is arranged along the severity and typology spectrums, which can be quantified and elaborated further.
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Rigid and super-rigid "legal behaviors" on individual and social levels; structured, (under, over, etc.) societies and cultures with totalitarianism at the one of the spectrum extremes.
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Normal Legal Behaviors
(How well are they studied, explored and understood? See "
human nature".)
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Non-Legal Behaviors
General Characteristics:
Transgressions:
The Misdemeanors
Misdemeanor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In some jurisdictions, those who are convicted of a misdemeanor are known as misdemeanants (as contrasted with those convicted of a felony who are known as felons). Depending on the jurisdiction, examples of misdemeanors may include: petty theft, prostitution, public intoxication,simple assault, disorderly conduct, trespass, vandalism, reckless driving, possession ofmarijuana and in some jurisdictions first-time possession of certain other drugs, and other similar crimes.
"misdemeanants" - characteristics; prospective studies, if any: do they or the proportion of them turn into "felons"; how do they turn out; what happens to them in their lives; do they serve as a reservoir for tghe "felons" group?
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"miscreants" (just an association)
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Offence against the person - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
of
Common Law might be viewed as
The Offenses manifested by the Excess of Individual and Group Aggressions:
Part I violent crimes include murder and criminal homicide (voluntary manslaughter), forcible rape, aggravated assault, and robbery; while Part I property crimes include burglary, arson, larceny/theft, and motor-vehicle theft. All other crimes count come under Part II. (U.S. Classification of Crimes)
For reporting purposes, criminal offenses are divided into two major groups: Part I offenses and Part II offenses.
In Part I, the UCR indexes reported incidents in two categories: violent and property crimes. Aggravated assault, forcible rape, murder, and robbery are classified as violent while arson, burglary, larceny-theft, and motor vehicle theft are classified as property crimes. These are reported via the document named Return A – Monthly Return of Offenses Known to the Police. Part 1 crimes are collectively known as Index crimes, this name is used because the crimes are considered quite serious, tend to be reported more reliably than others, and are reported directly to the police and not to a separate agency (ex- IRS) that doesn't necessarily contribute to the UCR.
In Part II, the following categories are tracked: simple assault, curfew offenses and loitering, embezzlement, forgery and counterfeiting, disorderly conduct, driving under the influence, drug offenses, fraud, gambling, liquor offenses, offenses against the family, prostitution,
public drunkenness, runaways, sex offenses, stolen property, vandalism, vagrancy, and weapons offenses.
Two property reports are also included with the Return A. The first is the Property Stolen by Classification report. This report details the number of actual crimes of each type in the Return A and the monetary value of property stolen in conjunction with that crime. Some offenses are reported in greater detail on this report than on the Return A. For example,
on the Report A, burglaries are divided into three categories: Forcible Entry, Unlawful Entry – No Force, and Attempted Forcible Entry. On the Property Stolen by Classification report, burglaries are divided into six categories based on location type and the time of the offense. Offenses are counted in residences with offense times of 6 p.m. to 6 a.m., 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. and Unknown Time and Non-residences with the same three time groupings.
The second property report is the Property Stolen by Type and Value report. The monetary value of both stolen and recovered property are totaled and classified as one of eleven property types
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Individual Aggressions: Offences and Physical Aggression against the person
-
physical:
Offence against the person - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
of
Common Law
Violent crime - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
-
- Fatal offences
- Murder: murder
- Manslaughter: criminal homicide (voluntary manslaughter)
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Sexual Offenses and Aggression:
Others:
Sex and the law - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Material: Offenses and Aggression against Property Rights
robbery, arson, burglary, larceny-theft, and motor vehicle theft
Return A. For example, on the Report A, burglaries are divided into three categories...
Property crime - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Mental Aggression and Offenses:
(e.g. "cyberbullying", etc.),
mostly for the "sadistic" aspect of aggression, out of cruelty
Thrill killing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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others:
-
- Non-fatal non-sexual offences
- Non-fatal non-sexual offences
W:
The crimes are usually grouped together in common law countries as a legacy of the Offences against the Person Act 1861.
Although most
sexual offences will also be offences against the person,
[3] for various reasons (including sentencing and registration of offenders) sexual crimes are usually categorised separately. Similarly, although many
homicides also involve an offence against the person, they are usually categorised under the more serious category.
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Offenses against groups, societies, cultures and people
treason: individual's aggression against the group
genocides
hate crimes
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Group Aggressions:
Gangs and Criminal Groups
Criminal States
War Crimes
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The nature of human and animal aggressive behaviors; BPS approach; Lorenz on Aggression; ethology.
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Links and References to posts on Behavioral Biopsychosocial Criminology - Last Update on 12.15.13
Behavioral Criminology: Crime and Criminology - Searches and Links
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- Behavior and Law: Crime and Behavior: Links and References - 1 - Last Update on: 4:15 PM 12/13/2013
- Puerto Rico News: Crime In Puerto Rico: Attempts At Analysis And Search For The Solutions; In Facts And Opinions - Web Review
- Crime - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Correlates of crime - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Criminology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Crime science - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Crime prevention - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Crime mapping - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Behavioural sciences - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Psychology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Quantitative methods in criminology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Crime - Search results - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Crime in the United States - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Crime statistics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Uniform Crime Reports - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- National Crime Victimization Survey - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- List of countries by intentional homicide rate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Law - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Criminal law - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Offence against the person - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Felony - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Murder - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- crime - Google Search
- types of crime - Google Search
- causes of crime - Google Search
- Crime Human Nature: The Definitive Study of the Causes of Crime - James Q. Wilson, Richard J. Herrnstein - Google Books
- causes of crime theories - Google Search
- biological theory of crime definition - Google Search
- criminology - Google Search
- behavioral criminology - Google Search
- Why Crime Keeps Falling - WSJ.com
- www.justice.govt.nz/justice-sector/drivers-of-crime/publications-and-background-information/documents/spb-theories-on-the-causes-of-crime
- www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/bocsar/ll_bocsar.nsf/vwFiles/cjb54.pdf/$file/cjb54.pdf
- The Real Root Causes of Violent Crime: The Breakdown of Marriage, Family, and Community
- What causes crime? - UK - News - The Independent
- biopsychosocial criminology - Google Search
- psychosocial criminology - Google Search
- psychosocial criminology an introduction - Google Search
- psychosocial criminology definition - Google Search
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- criminal behavior - Google Search
- criminality - Google Search
- crime prevention - Google Search
- crime prevention programs - Google Search
- crime prevention programs and mental illness - Google Search
- crime prevention and mental illness - Google Search
Puerto Rico
Crime in Puerto Rico - Articles - 02
- crime in puerto rico - Google Search
- crime in puerto rico stats - Google Search
- puerto rico - DHS.gov Search Results
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