Monday, June 25, 2012

9:36 AM 6/25/2012 - Mike Nova's starred items: Dad's Brains Mean More to His Son's Success than His Money: Study

via psychiatric journal articles - Google News on 6/22/12

Counsel & Heal

Dad's Brains Mean More to His Son's Success than His Money: Study
Counsel & Heal
According to a study recently published in the Journal of Political Economy, human capital endowments passed from father ... Print This Article; Send This Article ...

via international psychiatry journals - Google News on 6/23/12

Brain Blogger (blog)

Is Schizophrenia Really a Brain Disease?
Brain Blogger (blog)
The American journal of psychiatry, 144 (11), 1474-6 PMID: 3674230 ... Recovery from schizophrenia: An international perspective: A report from the WHO ...

via psychiatric diagnosis - Google Blog Search by unknown on 6/23/12
Genetic factors and family have been studied in combination with psychiatric diagnoses in general, and suicide risk in particular. Studies of twins show that monozygotic twins have greater concordance for suicidal behavior ...

via psychiatric diagnosis - Google Blog Search by unknown on 6/23/12
They are classified as other comorbidities, because they do not result in the nomenclature of DSM psychiatric diagnosis and, although some of them seem to be complaints of behavior, however, they are somatic in nature.

via Sciences Indexed Since 1998 on 6/23/12
The purpose of this study was to co-calibrate items from different deliberate self-harm (DSH) behavioural scales on the same measurement metric and compare cut points and item hierarchy across those scales. Participants included 568 young Australians aged 18–3 years (62% university students, 21...

via Last 30 days most viewed article(s) on 6/24/12
Marcia A Voges, David M Romney
Annals of General Hospital Psychiatry 2003, 2:4 (1 May 2003)

via psychiatry - Google News on 6/23/12

WTVR

Sex abusers prey on kids' trust, thrive on shame and fear, experts say
CNN
The American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry says child sex abuse is reported 80000 times a year. But experts acknowledge those numbers are just ...
Experts say sexual abuse leads to depression and withdrawalWTVR

all 2 news articles »

via psychiatric journal articles - Google News on 6/23/12


Higher Level of Testosterone Makes Women Choose Self-Pleasure ...
Counsel & Heal
The research has been published online in the journal Archives of Sexual Behaviour. Print This Article; Send This Article. Join the Conversation. Please enable ...

via psychiatric journal articles - Google News on 6/23/12


22-to-life for Lau in Erlich murder
The Journal News | LoHud.com
LATEST OPINION ARTICLES .... After several competency hearings and psychiatric evaluations, Kelly ruled April 19 that Lau was fit to stand trial. Less than a ...

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Sunday, June 24, 2012

"Then you will know the truth, and the truth will set you free."

<< John 8:32 >>

New International Version (©1984) 


"Then you will know the truth, and the truth will set you free." 


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11:46 AM 6/24/2012 - Mike Nova's starred items



via NYT > Views by By JODI KANTOR on 6/23/12
Though optimistic in public, the White House in private is weighing its options in case the Supreme Court invalidates all or part of the health care law.


Is Schizophrenia Really a Brain Disease? - Brain Blogger (blog)

via international psychiatry journals - Google News on 6/23/12

Brain Blogger (blog)





Is Schizophrenia Really a Brain Disease?
Brain Blogger (blog)
The American journal of psychiatry, 144 (11), 1474-6 PMID: 3674230 ... Recovery from schizophrenia: An international perspective: A report from the WHO ...

via psychiatric diagnosis - Google Blog Search by unknown on 6/23/12
Genetic factors and family have been studied in combination with psychiatric diagnoses in general, and suicide risk in particular. Studies of twins show that monozygotic twins have greater concordance for suicidal behavior ...

via psychiatric diagnosis - Google Blog Search by unknown on 6/23/12
They are classified as other comorbidities, because they do not result in the nomenclature of DSM psychiatric diagnosis and, although some of them seem to be complaints of behavior, however, they are somatic in nature.

via Sciences Indexed Since 1998 on 6/23/12
The purpose of this study was to co-calibrate items from different deliberate self-harm (DSH) behavioural scales on the same measurement metric and compare cut points and item hierarchy across those scales. Participants included 568 young Australians aged 18–3 years (62% university students, 21...

via Last 30 days most viewed article(s) on 6/24/12
Marcia A Voges, David M Romney
Annals of General Hospital Psychiatry 2003, 2:4 (1 May 2003)

via psychiatry - Google News on 6/23/12

WTVR





Sex abusers prey on kids' trust, thrive on shame and fear, experts say
CNN
The American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry says child sex abuse is reported 80000 times a year. But experts acknowledge those numbers are just ...
Experts say depression and withdrawal is a sign of sexual abuseWTVR

all 2 news articles »

via psychiatric journal articles - Google News on 6/23/12






Higher Level of Testosterone Makes Women Choose Self-Pleasure ...
Counsel & Heal
The research has been published online in the journal Archives of Sexual Behaviour. Print This Article; Send This Article. Join the Conversation. Please enable ...

via psychiatric journal articles - Google News on 6/23/12






22-to-life for Lau in Erlich murder
The Journal News | LoHud.com
LATEST OPINION ARTICLES .... After several competency hearings and psychiatric evaluations, Kelly ruled April 19 that Lau was fit to stand trial. Less than a ...

via psychiatry - Google Blog Search by Olfson, M., Blanco, C., Liu, L., Moreno, C., Laje, G. on 6/18/12
Overall, 9.2% of mental health visits and 18.3% of visits to psychiatrists included antipsychotic treatment. From 2000 to 2002, 92.3% of visits with prescription of an antipsychotic included a second-generation medication. Mental health visits ...


Mike Nova's starred items


via behavioral forensics - Google News on 6/23/12






Declining Testosterone Levels in Men Not Part of Normal Aging
Science Daily (press release)
ScienceDaily (June 23, 2012) — A new study finds that a drop in testosterone levels over time is more likely to result from a man's behavioral and health ...


via NYT > Global Home by By JULIET MACUR on 6/23/12
In addressing one of the most personal issues in sports — how to draw a line between male and female — the International Olympic Committee decided to use testosterone levels as the determining factor.

via NYT > Home Page by By RICHARD PÉREZ-PEÑA on 6/23/12
Hundreds of hospitals have started to require that their nurses have at least a bachelor’s degree, fueling efforts by schools to make their nursing graduates more competitive.

via NYT > Global Opinion by on 6/22/12
A reader says fake vaccination campaigns like the one used to track Osama bin Laden create suspicion and thus endanger lives.

via NYT > Arts by By JENNIFER SCHUESSLER on 6/21/12
The sex therapist Dr. Ruth Westheimer is the subject of a new play by Mark St. Germain.
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Saturday, June 23, 2012

10:46 AM 6/23/2012 - NYT Review - Op-Ed Columnist: Prisons, Privatization, Patronage - via NYT > N.Y. / Region by By PAUL KRUGMAN on 6/22/12 - Mike Nova's starred items


10:46 AM 6/23/2012 - NYT Review - Mike Nova's starred items

via NYT > N.Y. / Region by By PAUL KRUGMAN on 6/22/12
The halfway houses from hell in New Jersey are part of a broader pattern in which essential functions of government are being both privatized and degraded.

Op-Ed Columnist

Prisons, Privatization, Patronage

By PAUL KRUGMAN
Published: June 21, 2012 697 Comments
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Over the past few days, The New York Times has published several terrifying reports about New Jersey’s system of halfway houses — privately run adjuncts to the regular system of prisons. The series is a model of investigative reporting, which everyone should read. But it should also be seen in context. The horrors described are part of a broader pattern in which essential functions of government are being both privatized and degraded.
Fred R. Conrad/The New York Times
Paul Krugman
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Blog: The Conscience of a Liberal

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First of all, about those halfway houses: In 2010, Chris Christie, the state’s governor — who has close personal ties to Community Education Centers, the largest operator of these facilities, and who once worked as a lobbyist for the firm — described the company’s operations as “representing the very best of the human spirit.” But The Times’s reports instead portray something closer to hell on earth — an understaffed, poorly run system, with a demoralized work force, from which the most dangerous individuals often escape to wreak havoc, while relatively mild offenders face terror and abuse at the hands of other inmates.
It’s a terrible story. But, as I said, you really need to see it in the broader context of a nationwide drive on the part of America’s right to privatize government functions, very much including the operation of prisons. What’s behind this drive?
You might be tempted to say that it reflects conservative belief in the magic of the marketplace, in the superiority of free-market competition over government planning. And that’s certainly the way right-wing politicians like to frame the issue.
But if you think about it even for a minute, you realize that the one thing the companies that make up the prison-industrial complex — companies like Community Education or the private-prison giant Corrections Corporation of America — are definitely not doing is competing in a free market. They are, instead, living off government contracts. There isn’t any market here, and there is, therefore, no reason to expect any magical gains in efficiency.
And, sure enough, despite many promises that prison privatization will lead to big cost savings, such savings — as a comprehensive study by the Bureau of Justice Assistance, part of the U.S. Department of Justice, concluded — “have simply not materialized.” To the extent that private prison operators do manage to save money, they do so through “reductions in staffing patterns, fringe benefits, and other labor-related costs.”
So let’s see: Privatized prisons save money by employing fewer guards and other workers, and by paying them badly. And then we get horror stories about how these prisons are run. What a surprise!
So what’s really behind the drive to privatize prisons, and just about everything else?
One answer is that privatization can serve as a stealth form of government borrowing, in which governments avoid recording upfront expenses (or even raise money by selling existing facilities) while raising their long-run costs in ways taxpayers can’t see. We hear a lot about the hidden debts that states have incurred in the form of pension liabilities; we don’t hear much about the hidden debts now being accumulated in the form of long-term contracts with private companies hired to operate prisons, schools and more.
Another answer is that privatization is a way of getting rid of public employees, who do have a habit of unionizing and tend to lean Democratic in any case.
But the main answer, surely, is to follow the money. Never mind what privatization does or doesn’t do to state budgets; think instead of what it does for both the campaign coffers and the personal finances of politicians and their friends. As more and more government functions get privatized, states become pay-to-play paradises, in which both political contributions and contracts for friends and relatives become a quid pro quo for getting government business. Are the corporations capturing the politicians, or the politicians capturing the corporations? Does it matter?
Now, someone will surely point out that nonprivatized government has its own problems of undue influence, that prison guards and teachers’ unions also have political clout, and this clout sometimes distorts public policy. Fair enough. But such influence tends to be relatively transparent. Everyone knows about those arguably excessive public pensions; it took an investigation by The Times over several months to bring the account of New Jersey’s halfway-house-hell to light.
The point, then, is that you shouldn’t imagine that what The Times discovered about prison privatization in New Jersey is an isolated instance of bad behavior. It is, instead, almost surely a glimpse of a pervasive and growing reality, of a corrupt nexus of privatization and patronage that is undermining government across much of our nation.
A version of this op-ed appeared in print on June 22, 2012, on page A25 of the New York edition with the headline: Prisons, Privatization, Patronage.

via NYT > World by By HARVEY MORRIS on 6/23/12
A hundred years after his birth, the British mathematician Alan Turing -- the father of modern computing -- is being celebrated as a pioneer and mourned as a victim of intolerance.

via NYT > N.Y. / Region by By RUSS BUETTNER on 6/20/12
The hearing on whether Pedro Hernandez is mentally fit for trial was supposed to be held Monday.



June 20, 2012, 2:27 pmComment

Sanity Hearing Is Postponed for Man Who Said He Killed Etan Patz


By RUSS BUETTNER
Pedro Hernandez
A hearing to determine whether the man who confessed to killing Etan Patz is mentally fit to stand trial will be pushed back until Oct. 1, people briefed on the case said on Wednesday.
The man, Pedro Hernandez, 51, was scheduled to appear in State Supreme Court in Manhattan on Monday, when the results of a psychiatric evaluation were to be filed with the court. But Mr. Hernandez’s lawyer, Harvey Fishbein, and the office of the Manhattan district attorney, Cyrus R. Vance Jr., agreed to the delay.
The district attorney’s office has so far not presented the case to a grand jury for indictment, people briefed on the case said. Under state law, a confession must be corroborated by other evidence, something that could take time since Mr. Hernandez was not a suspect until very recently.
Mr. Hernandez was arraigned on a second-degree murder charge on May 25, exactly 33 years after Etan, 6, disappeared on the first day he walked alone from his home on Prince Street to a school bus stop. Mr. Hernandez had recently started working as a stock boy at a bodega on West Broadway.
The night before his arraignment, Mr. Hernandez was placed on a suicide watch and hospitalized. .
Mr. Fishbein said at the arraignment that his client had a ”long psychiatric history” that included diagnoses of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, with visual and auditory hallucinations.
Mr. Fishbein and officials in Mr. Vance’s office declined to comment on Wednesday.

via NYT > N.Y. / Region by By MOSI SECRET on 6/22/12
An appellate court was swayed by evidence that another man may have committed a 1989 Flatbush murder and that a key trial witness had recanted.

via NYT > Global Opinion by By ALEX STONE on 6/22/12
Reality and our perception of it are incommensurate to a far greater degree than is commonly believed.

via NYT > Home Page by By TARA SIEGEL BERNARD on 6/22/12
How do hospitals and doctors arrive at the fees they charge? The not-so-simple answer is that it depends on what sort of deal their medical provider has negotiated with their insurer.

via NYT > N.Y. / Region by By SHARON OTTERMAN on 6/22/12
Charges against four men marked the first time in at least two decades that the Brooklyn district attorney has pursued Hasidic Jews for intimidating someone who alleged sexual abuse.


via NYT > N.Y. / Region by By RUSS BUETTNER on 6/22/12
Michael Pena, a former New York police officer convicted in March of predatory sexual assault, pleaded guilty to rape counts on which the jury had been unable to reach a verdict.


via NYT > Global Home by By JOE DRAPE on 6/23/12
The jury verdict for the longtime Penn State football defensive coordinator Jerry Sandusky completed the fall of a onetime local hero in a pedophilia scandal that seized national attention.
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At Trial’s End, Lawyers Say Norway Killer Is Not Insane - NYT

At Trial’s End, Lawyers Say Norway Killer Is Not Insane

Pool photo by Heiko Junge
Anders Behring Breivik in court in Oslo on Friday.
By MARK LEWIS
Published: June 22, 2012
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OSLO — The trial of Anders Behring Breivik ended on Friday with an unusual reversal of roles, as defense lawyers insisted that he was sane when he killed 77 people last year and should be sentenced to prison, and prosecutors arguing that he was mentally ill and thus not criminally responsible, and should be hospitalized instead.

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The 10-week trial forced Norway to relive its worst peacetime atrocity in history and give a pulpit to a man whose views repulsed most Norwegians. It also brought into sharp relief the role of psychiatry in the country’s legal system and prompted calls for a review of the balance between insanity and guilt.
“It is a reverse situation, since they want him acquitted” by reason of insanity, Geir Lippestad, one of Mr. Breivik’s lawyers, said Friday, gesturing to the prosecutors on the opposite bench. “I say that their plea should not be accepted, and Anders Behring Breivik should be treated as leniently as possible.”
On the final day of the trial, survivors and bereaved family members spoke for the last time of their loss and pain, asking for Mr. Breivik to be locked up and forgotten. Their pleas were met with vigorous applause from the courtroom, and the panel of judges said they would deliver their verdict on Aug. 24.
Members of the defense team, in tears themselves as parents spoke about their slain children, evoked Mr. Breivik’s human rights in their conclusion that he should be held accountable for his crimes. Mr. Breivik has admitted to the killings but said they were committed in self-defense to combat what he has called the “Islamic colonization” of Europe. He has argued that an insanity judgment would detract from his cause.
“The defendant has a radical political project,” Mr. Lippestad said. “To make his acts something pathological and sick deprives him of his right to take responsibility for his own actions.”
Mr. Breivik set off a bomb in downtown Oslo that killed eight people on July 22, 2011, then drove to a nearby vacation island, Utoya, and gunned down 69 more, mostly teenage members of the Labor Party youth wing.
Under Norwegian law, if a defendant was psychotic at the time of his crime, he cannot be punished. Mr. Breivik has been the subject of two conflicting psychiatric reports, one saying that he was a psychotic paranoid schizophrenic, the second that he had narcissistic and antisocial personality disorders, but was legally competent.
Experts said they were not aware of any previous case in Norwegian legal history in which prosecutors had called for an insanity verdict and defense lawyers had advocated conviction. “No one can know for sure,” said Geir Engebretsen, a judge at Oslo District Court who is not connected with the case. “But it has probably never happened before.”
Frode Elgesem, a lawyer for the Labor Party youth wing, said after the trial that it illustrated the need for legislation to overhaul a criminal justice system that allows prosecutors to argue for acquittal. Under Norwegian law, if the prosecutors “were in real doubt that he was not psychotic, they had to submit that claim to the court,” he said. The minister for justice, Grete Faremo, has said her ministry will investigate the role of forensic psychiatry in the judicial system.
On Friday, as Mr. Breivik gave a statement at the end of the day, around 20 survivors and family members filed out of the courtroom in protest.
In an hourlong, rambling warning about the evils of Norwegian multiculturalism, by way of “Sex and the City” and Tibet, Mr. Breivik drew laughter from the spectators. “I acted in the principle of necessity for my country, so I ask to be acquitted,” he concluded.
If the court finds that Mr. Breivik was sane, it can sentence him to a maximum of 21 years in prison, though he can be held past the end of his sentence if he remains a danger to society. If it accepts the prosecutors’ argument, it can order him held indefinitely for compulsory treatment.
Alan Cowell contributed reporting from Paris.
A version of this article appeared in print on June 23, 2012, on page A6 of the New York edition with the headline: At Trial’s End, Lawyers Say Norway Killer Is Not Insane.

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Friday, June 22, 2012

P50 auditory sensory gating

P50 auditory sensory gating


Scholarly articles for p50 auditory sensory gating

Search Results

  1. Sensory gating - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensory_gatingCached - Similar
    Look up sensory gating in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The P50 Auditory Gating deficit is one of the best established biological traits associated with ...
    Neural regions involved in ... - Techniques for measuring ... 


Sensory gating

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Look up sensory gating in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Sensory gating describes neurological processes of filtering out redundant or unnecessary stimuli in the brain from all possible environmental stimuli.[1][2] Also referred to as gating or filtering, sensory gating prevents an overload of irrelevant information in the higher cortical centers of the brain. The pulvinar nuclei of the thalamus play a major role in attention, and filter out unnecessary information.[3] Although sensory gating is largely automatic, it also occurs within the context of attentional processes. Though the term sensory gating has been used interchangeably with sensorimotor gating, the two are distinct constructs.[4]
  1. [PDF]

    Sensory Gating Measures Auditory P50 Response Prepulse Inhibition ...

    iom.edu/~/media/Files/.../Research/.../Turetsk-Sensory-Gating.pdf
    File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - Quick View
    Sensory Gating Measures. Auditory P50 Response. Prepulse Inhibition of Startle (PPI). Bruce Turetsky, M.D.. IOM Workshop. June 22, 2010 ...

  2. The adenosine antagonist theophylline impairs p50 auditory - NCBI

    www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12377399
    by ES Ghisolfi - 2002 - Cited by 34 - Related articles
    The adenosine antagonist theophylline impairs p50 auditory sensory gating in normal subjects. Ghisolfi ES, Prokopiuk AS, Becker J, Ehlers JA, ...

  3. Yohimbine impairs P50 auditory sensory gating in normal subjects.

    www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7945735
    by LE Adler - 1994 - Cited by 57 - Related articles
    Yohimbine impairs P50 auditory sensory gating in normal subjects. Adler LE, Hoffer L, Nagamoto HT, Waldo MC, Kisley MA, Giffith JM. University of Colorado ...
  4. [PDF]

    Auditory sensory gating deficit in abstinent chronic alcoholics

    www.brainvitge.org/papers/marco_nsl_2005.pdf
    File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - Quick View
    by J Marco - 2005 - Cited by 14 - Related articles
    Abstinent chronic alcoholics showed reduced P50 sensory gating. Present results suggest an inhibitory deficit in early pre-attentive auditory sensory processing ...

  5. Normal P50 Gating in Unmedicated Schizophrenia Outpatients

    ajp.psychiatryonline.org/article.aspx?Volume=160&page=2236...Cached
    by SM Arnfred - 2003 - Cited by 34 - Related articles
    Dec 1, 2003 – OBJECTIVE: The hypothesis of a sensory gating defect in schizophrenia has been supported by studies demonstrating deficient auditory P50...

  6. Caffeine modulates P50 auditory sensory gating in healthy subjects ...

    www.mendeley.com/.../caffeine-modulates-p50-auditory-sensory-gat...Cached
    by ES Ghisolfi - 2006 - Cited by 15 - Related articles
    (2006) Ghisolfi et al. European neuropsychopharmacology the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology. Read by researchers in: 100% ...

  7. Reliability of P50 auditory sensory gating measures in infan ...

    journals.lww.com › Home › January 8, 2008 - Volume 19 - Issue 1
    by SK Hunter - 2008 - Cited by 5 - Related articles
    Jan 8, 2008 – This study assessed reliability of auditory sensory gating in young infants from 1-4 months of age u.

  8. Reduced P50 Auditory Sensory Gating Response in Professional ...

    www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/recordDetail?accno=EJ740380Cached
    by S Kizkin - 2006 - Cited by 9 - Related articles
    Click on any of the links below to perform a new search. Title: Reduced P50 Auditory Sensory Gating Response in Professional Musicians. Authors: Kizkin, Sibel ...
  9. [PDF]

    Comparison of sensory gating to mismatch negativity and self ...

    spdfoundation.net/pdf/kisely_noecker.pdf
    File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - Quick View
    by MA KISLEY - 2004 - Cited by 56 - Related articles
    Abnormal sensory gating of midlatency auditory. ERP components, particularly P1 (P50), has been interpreted to reflect the neural basis of stimulus filtering ...

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Neuroimaging in Autism: Fractional anisotropy values - AJP CME Course for June 2012: Differences in White Matter Fiber Tract Development Present From 6 to 24 Months in Infants with Autism

Neuroimaging in Autism: Fractional anisotropy values - AJP CME Course for June 2012: Differences in White Matter Fiber Tract Development Present From 6 to 24 Months in Infants with Autism


fractional anisotropy values - GS 

normal fractional anisotropy values - GS 

____________________________________

Fractional anisotropy 




From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Fractional anisotropy (FA) is a scalar value between zero and one that describes the degree of anisotropy of a diffusion process. A value of zero means that diffusion is isotropic, i.e. it is unrestricted (or equally restricted) in all directions. A value of one means that diffusion occurs only along one axis and is fully restricted along all other directions. FA is a measure often used in diffusion imaging where it is thought to reflect fiber density, axonal diameter, and myelination in white matter. The FA is an extension of the concept of eccentricity of conic sections in 3 dimensions, normalized to the unit range.

______________________________________

autism neuroimaging fractional anisotropy - Pubmed Search

pubmed: autism neuroimaging ... - RSS


Autism neuroimaging - Fractional anisotropy - pubmed_result


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*

Original Research

Diffusion tensor fractional anisotropy of the normal-appearing seven segments of the corpus callosum in healthy adults and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients†


  1. Khader M. Hasan PhD1,*,
  2. Rakesh K. Gupta MD1,
  3. Rafael M. Santos MD, FRCS1,
  4. Jerry S. Wolinsky MD2,
  5. Ponnada A. Narayana PhD1
Article first published online: 19 MAY 2005
DOI: 10.1002/jmri.20296

Issue
Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Volume 21, Issue 6, pages 735–743, June 2005

Additional Information(Show All)

How to Cite

Hasan, K. M., Gupta, R. K., Santos, R. M., Wolinsky, J. S. and Narayana, P. A. (2005), Diffusion tensor fractional anisotropy of the normal-appearing seven segments of the corpus callosum in healthy adults and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging, 21: 735–743. doi: 10.1002/jmri.20296

Author Information

  1. 1 Department of Interventional and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
  2. 2 Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
*Department of Interventional and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 2.100, Houston, TX 77030
  1. †
    Presented in part at the 12th Annual Meeting of ISMRM, Kyoto, Japan, 2004 (abstract 1498). The acquisition, processing, and quantitative analysis methodologies were also described in abstracts 338 and 1350 presented at the same meeting.

Publication History

  1. Issue published online: 19 MAY 2005
  2. Article first published online: 19 MAY 2005
  3. Manuscript Accepted: 7 FEB 2005
  4. Manuscript Received: 16 DEC 2004

Funded by

  • NIH. Grant Numbers: R01 NS31499, R01 EB02095
  • Dunn Research Foundation
  • Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, University of Texas at Houston

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Keywords:

  • diffusion tensor imaging;
  • multiple sclerosis;
  • corpus callosum

Abstract

Purpose

To investigate the utility of whole-brain diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in elucidating the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) using the normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) of the corpus callosum (CC) as a marker of occult disease activity.

Materials and Methods

A high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and optimized entire brain DTI data were acquired in 26 clinically-definite relapsing and remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients and 32 age-matched healthy adult controls. The fractional anisotropy (FA) values of seven functionally distinct regions in the normal-appearing CC were compared between patients and controls.

Results

This study indicates that 1) there was a gender-independent FA heterogeneity of the functionally specialized CC segments in normal volunteers; 2) FA in the MS group was significantly decreased in the anterior (P = 0.0039) and posterior (P = 0.0018) midbody subdivisions of the CC, possibly due to a reduction of small-caliber axons; and 3) the FA of the genu of the CC was relatively intact in the MS patients compared to the healthy age-matched controls (P = 0.644), while the splenium showed an insignificant trend of reduced FA values (P = 0.248). The decrease in FA in any of the CC subdivisions did not correlate with disease duration (DD) or the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) score.

Conclusion

The preliminary results are consistent with published histopathology and clinical studies on MS, but not with some published DTI reports. This study provides insights into the pathogenesis of MS, and the role played by compromised axonal integrity in this disease. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;21:735–743. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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CME > AJP CME >
June 01, 2012
AJP CME Course for June 2012: Differences in White Matter Fiber Tract Development Present From 6 to 24 Months in Infants with Autism
Expires May 31, 2014

Estimates of the fractional anisotropy slope parameters with standard errors are presented for the ASD-positive and -negative groups for all tracts in Table 2. Both groups showed significant increases in fractional anisotropy from 6 to 24 months, though the rate of change for the ASD-negative group was significantly greater than that for the ASD-positive group in the bilateral limbic (fornix) and association (inferior longitudinal fasciculus and uncinate) fiber tracts. Individual and mean group trajectories for these tracts are presented in Figure 1. The changes from 6 to 24 months in fractional anisotropy for the corpus callosum subdivisions are shown in Figure 2; the change for the body was significantly different in the two groups. For projection tracts, the growth trajectories of the left anterior thalamic radiation and all internal capsule divisions were significantly steeper for the ASD-negative infants (Figure 3).
________________________________________

CME > AJP CME >
June 01, 2012
AJP CME Course for June 2012: Differences in White Matter Fiber Tract Development Present From 6 to 24 Months in Infants with Autism
Expires May 31, 2014
1.
Fractional anisotropy values may be generated for white matter fiber tracts. Values in the high range (e.g., 0.8–1.0) are indicative of what quality?


A. Isotropic diffusion

B. Transverse diffusion

C. Weak directional diffusion

D. Strong directional diffusion

2.
At 6 months old, cross-sectional fractional anisotropy values for autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-negative and ASD-positive groups differed for which of the following white matter tracts?


A. Right uncinate fasciculus

B. Left inferior longitudinal fasciculus

C. Left anterior thalamic radiation

D. Splenium of corpus callosum

3.
In typical white matter development during infancy, what two processes combine to ensure efficient structural connectivity between brain regions?


A. Axon pruning and myelination

B. Apoptosis and glial cell proliferation

C. Neural refinement and canalization

D. Microglial activation and synaptogenesis

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