Tuesday, June 26, 2012

10:03 AM 6/26/2012 - Mike Nova's starred items: At Trial's End, Lawyers Say Norway Killer Is Not Insane - New York Times | Prevalence of Alcohol and Other Drugs in Fatally Injured Drivers - Addiction. 2012 Jun 22 | The concept of complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) is both conceptually and clinically useful - J Trauma Stress. 2012 Jun | The core Gestalt of schizophrenia - World psychiatry: official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) - 11(2):67-9

10:03 AM 6/26/2012 - Mike Nova's starred items

via psychiatric diagnosis - Google Blog Search by Peter Zachar on 5/22/12
In face of the multiple controversies surrounding the DSM process in general and the development of DSM-5 in particular, we have organized a discussion around what we consider six essential questions in further work on ...


New York Times



Brain Banks for Autism Face Dearth
New York Times
“There's just no question that human tissue is the gold standard for research, ... of psychiatry at the University of North Carolina, said, “This is indeed a setback, ...

and more »

via psychiatry - Google News on 6/19/12



Norwegian Killer Slams Court for Sanity Focus
ABC News
"It's quite sad that the monster of Norwegian court psychiatry has managed to take ... "Because July 22 is not about psychiatry, but about Norway's and Europe's ...

via psychiatry - Google News on 6/22/12



Public still respects court psychiatry
Views and News from Norway
The traumatic trial of confessed Norwegian terrorist Anders Behring Breivik has raised major questions over the role of forensic psychiatry in Norway's legal ...


Counsel & Heal



Growing Number of Older Woman Struggling with Eating Disorders
Counsel & Heal
The study was published in the International Journal of Eating Disorders. Print This Article; Send This Article. Join the Conversation. Please enable JavaScript to ...

via NYT > Health by By KAREN PENNAR on 6/26/12
After years observing and working with elderly patients, Dr. Linda Fried developed criteria for diagnosing frailty, spurring further research into preventing it.


Despite a lack of data demonstrating benefit, psychotropic medications are frequently prescribed for patients with anorexia nervosa.Method:We studied 525 women (18–54 years of age) with anorexia nervosa who presented to the Clinical Research Center at the Massachusetts General Hospital between ...
Mike Nova's starred items

In a 1983 issue of the British Journal of Psychiatry, Dr. Chalkley and Dr. Powell provided clinical descriptions of 48 of their patients with sexual fetishes, and noted that fetishism is not a criminal act unless accompanied by stealing fetish objects ( i.e., kleptophilia). Interestingly, the authors reported ... Dr. Mark Griffiths is a Chartered Psychologist and Professor of Gambling Studies at the Nottingham Trent University, and Director of the International Gaming Research Unit.

Reform DSM-5" (Brent Robbins, Sarah Kamens). b. 4:30 – 5: 30 pm: "Harmful Psychiatric Diagnosis: A Call to Action" (Paula Caplan,. Caroline Shahbaz). 3. "The Psychological Contributions of Art, History, Narrative and Ritual to Current Social ...

via psychiatry - Google Blog Search by Theodore on 6/25/12
Jon Rappoport talks with James Corbett (June 26th, 2012) about psychiatry and its use as a weapon of manipulation and control over the population. Jon and James discuss the non-scientific basis of "psychiatric disorders" ...

via psychiatry - Google Blog Search by Corbett on 6/25/12
Corbett Report Radio 162 – Psychiatry and You with Jon Rappoport.

via Medicine JournalFeeds » Psychiatry by admin on 6/26/12
Prevalence of Alcohol and Other Drugs in Fatally Injured Drivers.
Addiction. 2012 Jun 22;
Authors: Brady JE, Li G
Abstract

AIMS: This study aims to examine the prevalence of alcohol and/or other drugs (AOD) in a large sample of fatally injured drivers. DESIGN: Using data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System for 2005-2009, the authors examined the prevalence of AOD detected in fatally injured drivers in the United States. SETTING: Fatal motor vehicle crashes occurring on public roads. PARTICIPANTS: Drivers who died within one hour of the crash in 14 states that performed toxicological testing on more than 80% of these drivers. MEASUREMENTS: Prevalence of AOD and multivariable-adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR). FINDINGS: Of the 20,150 fatally injured drivers studied, 57.3% tested positive for AOD, including 19.9% being positive for two or more substances. Alcohol was the most commonly detected substance, present in 40.2% of the fatally injured drivers, followed by cannabinols (10.5%), stimulants (9.0%), narcotics (5.7%), and depressants (4.0%). Multivariable analysis revealed that AOD was significantly more prevalent among drivers who died in single-vehicle crashes [aPR 1.69, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.62-1.76], or nighttime crashes (aPR 1.43, 95% CI: 1.39-1.47), or who had a driving-while-intoxicated conviction within the past three years (aPR 1.41, 95% CI: 1.35-1.47), and less prevalent among drivers who were 65 years or older (aPR 0.45, 95% CI: 0.42-0.49), Asian (aPR 0.47, 95% CI 0.41-0.53), or female (aPR 0.88, 95% CI: 0.85-0.91), or who were operating a motor carrier (aPR 0.41, 95% CI 0.34-0.48). CONCLUSIONS: More than half of fatally injured drivers in the United States had been using AOD and approximately 20% had been using polydrugs. The prevalence of AOD use varies significantly with driver and crash characteristics.
PMID: 22725100 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

via Medicine JournalFeeds » Psychiatry by admin on 6/26/12
Sequence of Alcohol Involvement from Early Onset to Young Adult Alcohol Abuse: Differential Predictors and Moderation by Family-Focused Preventive Intervention.
Addiction. 2012 Jun 22;
Authors: Mason WA, Spoth RL
Abstract

AIMS: This study tests risk factors for four dimensions of alcohol use in the sequence from (a) early onset prior to age 13 to (b) adolescent alcohol use and (c) alcohol problems to (d) young adult alcohol abuse. It also examines whether family-focused preventive interventions buffer predictive relationships. DESIGN: Data were from a randomized prevention trial extending from ages 11 to 21. SETTING: Families of sixth graders enrolled in 33 rural schools in the Midwestern United States were invited to participate. PARTICIPANTS: Families (N = 667) were pretested and randomly assigned to a control group (n = 208) or to family interventions (n = 459). The average age of participating youth was 11.3 years when the study began (52% female). Measurements: Questionnaire data were collected on alcohol dimensions during adolescence (early onset, alcohol use, alcohol problems) and young adulthood (alcohol abuse), and on risk factors in early adolescence (male gender, impulsive behaviors, aggression-hostility, peer deviance, and parent problem drinking). FINDINGS: Impulsive behaviors predicted early onset, peer deviance predicted alcohol use, and parent problem drinking predicted alcohol problems (p <.05). Aggression-hostility and alcohol problems predicted alcohol abuse in the control group (p <.05), but not in the family interventions group (p >.05). CONCLUSIONS: Different dimensions of alcohol use and problems from before age 13 to young adulthood are predicted by different risk factors. Family-focused preventive interventions can reduce the influence of some of these risk factors, including early adolescent aggression-hostility and late adolescent alcohol problems.
PMID: 22724619 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

via Medicine JournalFeeds » Psychiatry by admin on 6/26/12
Association between posttraumatic stress, depression, and functional impairments in adolescents 24 months after traumatic brain injury.
J Trauma Stress. 2012 Jun;25(3):264-71
Authors: O’Connor SS, Zatzick DF, Wang J, Temkin N, Koepsell TD, Jaffe KM, Durbin D, Vavilala MS, Dorsch A, Rivara FP
Abstract

The degree to which postinjury posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and/or depressive symptoms in adolescents are associated with cognitive and functional impairments at 12 and 24 months after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is not yet known. The current study used a prospective cohort design, with baseline assessment and 3-, 12-, and 24-month followup, and recruited a cohort of 228 adolescents ages 14-17 years who sustained either a TBI (n = 189) or an isolated arm injury (n = 39). Linear mixed-effects regression was used to assess differences in depressive and PTSD symptoms between TBI and arm-injured patients and to assess the association between 3-month PTSD and depressive symptoms and cognitive and functional outcomes. Results indicated that patients who sustained a mild TBI without intracranial hemorrhage reported significantly worse PTSD (Hedges g = 0.49, p = .01; Model R(2) = .38) symptoms across time as compared to the arm injured control group. Greater levels of PTSD symptoms were associated with poorer school (η(2) = .07, p = .03; Model R(2) = .36) and physical (η(2) = .11, p = .01; Model R(2) = .23) functioning, whereas greater depressive symptoms were associated with poorer school (η(2) = .06, p = .05; Model R(2) = .39) functioning.
PMID: 22729979 [PubMed - in process]

via Medicine JournalFeeds » Psychiatry by admin on 6/26/12
Advocacy through science: Reply to comments on Resick et al. (2012).
J Trauma Stress. 2012 Jun;25(3):260-3
Authors: Resick PA, Wolf EJ, Stirman SW, Wells SY, Suvak MK, Mitchell KS, King MW, Bovin MJ
Abstract

The 4 comments on the review by Resick et al. (2012) of the complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) literature highlight important theoretical and conceptual questions about the nature and utility of CPTSD and echo the very questions that motivated the review. We discuss the points raised in the comments, particularly with respect to the definition of CPTSD, its relationship to PTSD, and treatment implications. We suggest that setting high scientific standards for CPTSD research is an optimal way to advance the conceptualization of the construct and the treatment of this population.
PMID: 22729978 [PubMed - in process]

via Medicine JournalFeeds » Psychiatry by admin on 6/26/12
Complex PTSD is on the trauma spectrum: Comment on Resick et al. (2012).
J Trauma Stress. 2012 Jun;25(3):254-5
Authors: Goodman M
Abstract

Conceptualizing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) along a spectrum with complex and simple features is integrative and models an approach taken by disciplines in medicine outside of psychiatry. This perspective is offered in the Resick et al. (2012) review. To best delineate the nature and permeability of the border between Complex PTSD and PTSD, an emphasis on clarifying underlying biological processes is needed to move beyond our current reliance on symptomatic description.
PMID: 22729976 [PubMed - in process]
_________________________________________

My Debate With The DSM 5 Chair

Recently, I voiced my concerns about DSM 5 in a Medscape interview (http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/763886) with Dr Stephen Strakowski. DSM-5 Task Force Chair David Kupfer then entered the debate and provided his defense (http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/764735).

Here is my reply to Dr Kupfer:

read more

via Medicine JournalFeeds » Psychiatry by admin on 6/26/12
Prevalence of Alcohol and Other Drugs in Fatally Injured Drivers.
Addiction. 2012 Jun 22;
Authors: Brady JE, Li G
Abstract

AIMS: This study aims to examine the prevalence of alcohol and/or other drugs (AOD) in a large sample of fatally injured drivers. DESIGN: Using data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System for 2005-2009, the authors examined the prevalence of AOD detected in fatally injured drivers in the United States. SETTING: Fatal motor vehicle crashes occurring on public roads. PARTICIPANTS: Drivers who died within one hour of the crash in 14 states that performed toxicological testing on more than 80% of these drivers. MEASUREMENTS: Prevalence of AOD and multivariable-adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR). FINDINGS: Of the 20,150 fatally injured drivers studied, 57.3% tested positive for AOD, including 19.9% being positive for two or more substances. Alcohol was the most commonly detected substance, present in 40.2% of the fatally injured drivers, followed by cannabinols (10.5%), stimulants (9.0%), narcotics (5.7%), and depressants (4.0%). Multivariable analysis revealed that AOD was significantly more prevalent among drivers who died in single-vehicle crashes [aPR 1.69, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.62-1.76], or nighttime crashes (aPR 1.43, 95% CI: 1.39-1.47), or who had a driving-while-intoxicated conviction within the past three years (aPR 1.41, 95% CI: 1.35-1.47), and less prevalent among drivers who were 65 years or older (aPR 0.45, 95% CI: 0.42-0.49), Asian (aPR 0.47, 95% CI 0.41-0.53), or female (aPR 0.88, 95% CI: 0.85-0.91), or who were operating a motor carrier (aPR 0.41, 95% CI 0.34-0.48). CONCLUSIONS: More than half of fatally injured drivers in the United States had been using AOD and approximately 20% had been using polydrugs. The prevalence of AOD use varies significantly with driver and crash characteristics.
PMID: 22725100 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

via Medicine JournalFeeds » Psychiatry by admin on 6/26/12
Sequence of Alcohol Involvement from Early Onset to Young Adult Alcohol Abuse: Differential Predictors and Moderation by Family-Focused Preventive Intervention.
Addiction. 2012 Jun 22;
Authors: Mason WA, Spoth RL
Abstract

AIMS: This study tests risk factors for four dimensions of alcohol use in the sequence from (a) early onset prior to age 13 to (b) adolescent alcohol use and (c) alcohol problems to (d) young adult alcohol abuse. It also examines whether family-focused preventive interventions buffer predictive relationships. DESIGN: Data were from a randomized prevention trial extending from ages 11 to 21. SETTING: Families of sixth graders enrolled in 33 rural schools in the Midwestern United States were invited to participate. PARTICIPANTS: Families (N = 667) were pretested and randomly assigned to a control group (n = 208) or to family interventions (n = 459). The average age of participating youth was 11.3 years when the study began (52% female). Measurements: Questionnaire data were collected on alcohol dimensions during adolescence (early onset, alcohol use, alcohol problems) and young adulthood (alcohol abuse), and on risk factors in early adolescence (male gender, impulsive behaviors, aggression-hostility, peer deviance, and parent problem drinking). FINDINGS: Impulsive behaviors predicted early onset, peer deviance predicted alcohol use, and parent problem drinking predicted alcohol problems (p <.05). Aggression-hostility and alcohol problems predicted alcohol abuse in the control group (p <.05), but not in the family interventions group (p >.05). CONCLUSIONS: Different dimensions of alcohol use and problems from before age 13 to young adulthood are predicted by different risk factors. Family-focused preventive interventions can reduce the influence of some of these risk factors, including early adolescent aggression-hostility and late adolescent alcohol problems.
PMID: 22724619 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

via Medicine JournalFeeds » Psychiatry by admin on 6/26/12
Association between posttraumatic stress, depression, and functional impairments in adolescents 24 months after traumatic brain injury.
J Trauma Stress. 2012 Jun;25(3):264-71
Authors: O’Connor SS, Zatzick DF, Wang J, Temkin N, Koepsell TD, Jaffe KM, Durbin D, Vavilala MS, Dorsch A, Rivara FP
Abstract

The degree to which postinjury posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and/or depressive symptoms in adolescents are associated with cognitive and functional impairments at 12 and 24 months after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is not yet known. The current study used a prospective cohort design, with baseline assessment and 3-, 12-, and 24-month followup, and recruited a cohort of 228 adolescents ages 14-17 years who sustained either a TBI (n = 189) or an isolated arm injury (n = 39). Linear mixed-effects regression was used to assess differences in depressive and PTSD symptoms between TBI and arm-injured patients and to assess the association between 3-month PTSD and depressive symptoms and cognitive and functional outcomes. Results indicated that patients who sustained a mild TBI without intracranial hemorrhage reported significantly worse PTSD (Hedges g = 0.49, p = .01; Model R(2) = .38) symptoms across time as compared to the arm injured control group. Greater levels of PTSD symptoms were associated with poorer school (η(2) = .07, p = .03; Model R(2) = .36) and physical (η(2) = .11, p = .01; Model R(2) = .23) functioning, whereas greater depressive symptoms were associated with poorer school (η(2) = .06, p = .05; Model R(2) = .39) functioning.
PMID: 22729979 [PubMed - in process]

via Medicine JournalFeeds » Psychiatry by admin on 6/26/12
Advocacy through science: Reply to comments on Resick et al. (2012).
J Trauma Stress. 2012 Jun;25(3):260-3
Authors: Resick PA, Wolf EJ, Stirman SW, Wells SY, Suvak MK, Mitchell KS, King MW, Bovin MJ
Abstract

The 4 comments on the review by Resick et al. (2012) of the complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) literature highlight important theoretical and conceptual questions about the nature and utility of CPTSD and echo the very questions that motivated the review. We discuss the points raised in the comments, particularly with respect to the definition of CPTSD, its relationship to PTSD, and treatment implications. We suggest that setting high scientific standards for CPTSD research is an optimal way to advance the conceptualization of the construct and the treatment of this population.
PMID: 22729978 [PubMed - in process]

via Medicine JournalFeeds » Psychiatry by admin on 6/26/12
Complex PTSD is on the trauma spectrum: Comment on Resick et al. (2012).
J Trauma Stress. 2012 Jun;25(3):254-5
Authors: Goodman M
Abstract

Conceptualizing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) along a spectrum with complex and simple features is integrative and models an approach taken by disciplines in medicine outside of psychiatry. This perspective is offered in the Resick et al. (2012) review. To best delineate the nature and permeability of the border between Complex PTSD and PTSD, an emphasis on clarifying underlying biological processes is needed to move beyond our current reliance on symptomatic description.
PMID: 22729976 [PubMed - in process]

via Medicine JournalFeeds » Psychiatry by admin on 6/26/12
CPTSD is a distinct entity: Comment on Resick et al. (2012).
J Trauma Stress. 2012 Jun;25(3):256-7
Authors: Herman J
Abstract

The concept of complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) is both conceptually and clinically useful. This distinct entity is highly prevalent, across different cultures, in survivors of prolonged, repeated trauma. Recognition of this entity as part of the spectrum of traumatic disorders would promote development of effective treatment.
PMID: 22729977 [PubMed - in process]

via Medicine JournalFeeds » Psychiatry by admin on 6/26/12
Simplifying complex PTSD: Comment on Resick et al. (2012).
J Trauma Stress. 2012 Jun;25(3):252-3
Authors: Bryant RA
Abstract

Although constructs related to complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) have been discussed for many years, the field still lacks reliable and standardized definitions to guide research in this field. This comment responds to the article by Resick et al. (2012), who conclude that CPTSD lacks sufficient support to be recognized as a diagnosis. Even though there is no doubt that research is lacking, this comment argues that the key to progressing the field is introducing a standardized definition that will allow researchers to understand CPTSD in relation to other trauma-related disorders, identify key mechanisms driving the condition, and further treatment programs specifically for patients with CPTSD.
PMID: 22729975 [PubMed - in process]

via Medicine JournalFeeds » Psychiatry by admin on 6/26/12
A critical evaluation of the complex PTSD literature: Implications for DSM-5.
J Trauma Stress. 2012 Jun;25(3):241-51
Authors: Resick PA, Bovin MJ, Calloway AL, Dick AM, King MW, Mitchell KS, Suvak MK, Wells SY, Stirman SW, Wolf EJ
Abstract

Complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) has been proposed as a diagnosis for capturing the diverse clusters of symptoms observed in survivors of prolonged trauma that are outside the current definition of PTSD. Introducing a new diagnosis requires a high standard of evidence, including a clear definition of the disorder, reliable and valid assessment measures, support for convergent and discriminant validity, and incremental validity with respect to implications for treatment planning and outcome. In this article, the extant literature on CPTSD is reviewed within the framework of construct validity to evaluate the proposed diagnosis on these criteria. Although the efforts in support of CPTSD have brought much needed attention to limitations in the trauma literature, we conclude that available evidence does not support a new diagnostic category at this time. Some directions for future research are suggested.
PMID: 22729974 [PubMed - in process]

via Medicine JournalFeeds » Psychiatry by admin on 6/26/12
Introduction to the special feature on complex PTSD.
J Trauma Stress. 2012 Jun;25(3):239-40
Authors: Weiss DS
PMID: 22729973 [PubMed - in process]

 

See more of Mike Nova's starred items ... 



via Medicine JournalFeeds » Psychiatry by admin on 6/26/12
PTSD: Constructs, diagnoses, disorders, syndromes, symptoms, and structure.
J Trauma Stress. 2012 Jun;25(3):237-8
Authors: Weiss DS
PMID: 22729972 [PubMed - in process]
____________________________________________

World psychiatry: official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) (WORLD PSYCHIATRY)

Publisher World Psychiatric Association

Description

Organo ufficiale della World Psychiatric Association (WPA), la rivista rappresenta un forum internazionale focalizzato sui temi di attualità di psichiatria da tutto il mondo. Unico strumento di ricerca e divulgazione veicolato a 15.000 psichiatri di tutto il mondo.
Impact factor
4.38
Website
Other titles
World psychiatry (Online)
ISSN
1723-8617
OCLC
70203966
Material type
Document, Periodical, Internet resource
Document type
Internet Resource, Computer File, Journal / Magazine / Newspaper

Publications in this journal

  • Quality of hallucinatory experiences: differences between a clinical and a non-clinical sample
    World psychiatry: official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA).
    The notion that apparently healthy people can experience psychotic symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations "is now becoming the accepted dogma" (1). Part of this "dogma" is the assumption that... [more]
  • The core Gestalt of schizophrenia.
    Authors: Josef Parnas
    World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA). 11(2):67-9.
  • Predicting the severity of everyday functional disability in people with schizophrenia: cognitive deficits, functional capacity, symptoms, and health status.
    World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA). 11(2):73-9.
    Disability is pervasive in schizophrenia and is refractory to current medication treatments. Inability to function in everyday settings is responsible for the huge indirect costs of schizophrenia,... [more]
  • The self-determination theory perspective on positive mental health across cultures.
    World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA). 11(2):101-2.
  • Positive mental health: is there a cross-cultural definition?
    World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA). 11(2):93-9.
    SEVEN MODELS FOR CONCEPTUALIZING POSITIVE MENTAL HEALTH ARE REVIEWED: mental health as above normal, epitomized by a DSM-IV's Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) score of over 80; mental health as... [more]
  • Healthy personality development and well-being.
    World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA). 11(2):103-4.
  • Subjective positive well-being.
    Authors: Per Bech
    World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA). 11(2):105-6.
  • Positive mental health: a note of caution.
    Authors: Dan J Stein
    World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA). 11(2):107-9.
  • Peer support among persons with severe mental illnesses: a review of evidence and experience.
    World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA). 11(2):123-8.
    Peer support is largely considered to represent a recent advance in community mental health, introduced in the 1990s as part of the mental health service user movement. Actually, peer support has its... [more]
  • The self and schizophrenia: some open issues.
    Authors: Mario Maj
    World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA). 11(2):65-6.
  • The placebo response: science versus ethics and the vulnerability of the patient.
    World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA). 11(2):70-2.
  • Classification of feeding and eating disorders: review of evidence and proposals for ICD-11.
    World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA). 11(2):80-92.
    Current classification of eating disorders is failing to classify most clinical presentations; ignores continuities between child, adolescent and adult manifestations; and requires frequent changes... [more]
  • Positive mental health: a research agenda.
    Authors: Alan Carr
    World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA). 11(2):100.
  • The clinical role of psychological well-being.
    Authors: Giovanni A Fava
    World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA). 11(2):102-3.
  • What is health and what is positive? The ICF solution.
    Authors: Michael Linden
    World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA). 11(2):104-5.
  • Problems in the definitions of positive mental health.
    Authors: Hasse Karlsson
    World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA). 11(2):106-7.
  • Outcomes and moderators of a preventive school-based mental health intervention for children affected by war in Sri Lanka: a cluster randomized trial.
    World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA). 11(2):114-22.
    We aimed to examine outcomes, moderators and mediators of a preventive school-based mental health intervention implemented by paraprofessionals in a war-affected setting in northern Sri Lanka. A... [more]
  • Lessons learned in developing community mental health care in Australasia and the South Pacific.
    Authors: Peter McGeorge
    World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA). 11(2):129-32.
    This paper summarizes the findings for the Australasia and Pacific Region of the WPA Task Force on Steps, Obstacles and Mistakes to Avoid in the Implementation of Community Mental Health Care. We... [more]
  • Proportion of crimes attributable to mental disorders in the Netherlands population.
    World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA). 11(2):134.
  • Bereavement-related depression in the DSM-5 and ICD-11.
    Authors: Mario Maj
    World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA). 11(1):1-2.
  • An attachment perspective on psychopathology.
    World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA). 11(1):11-5.
    In recent years, attachment theory, which was originally formulated to describe and explain infant-parent emotional bonding, has been applied to the study of adolescent and adult romantic... [more]
  • Prototypes, syndromes and dimensions of psychopathology: an open agenda for research.
    Authors: Assen Jablensky
    World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA). 11(1):22-3.
  • A practical prototypic system for psychiatric diagnosis: the ICD-11 Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines.
    Authors: Michael B First
    World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA). 11(1):24-5.

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via pubmed: psychiatry by pubmed on 6/26/12
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PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources.

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Breivik's psychiatrist wavered on sanity ruling - CANOE


CTV.ca





Breivik's psychiatrist wavered on sanity ruling
CANOE
OSLO - A psychiatric expert who concluded Norwegian far right mass killer Anders Behring Breivik was sane begun to doubt his diagnosis after watching the ...
Anders Breivik and the trouble with defining sanityThe Guardian (blog)
Norway's mass murderer awaits his fateMacleans.ca
Anders Behring Breivik Trial: Norway Killer's Prosecutors Ask For ...Huffington Post
ABC Online -Views and News from Norway
all 2,310 news articles »

Norwegian mass killer slams court, says trial has centered too much ... - Washington Post



Norwegian mass killer slams court, says trial has centered too much ...
Washington Post
Nationals Journal | James Wagner .... “It's quite sad that the monster of Norwegian court psychiatry has managed to take over this case. It should ... World Watchers consistently offer thought-provoking, timely comments on international affairs.
___________________________________________

Not for Ourselves Alone: The Need to Care

Photo by Jeff Kubina - http://flic.kr/p/HCJzd
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony fought hard for women's rights, but they never lived to see the end goal. They cared deeply for the plight of others and they worked hard, not for personal benefit, but because it was the right thing to do. In today's selfish world, we would do better to follow their example.

__________________________________________

Allen Frances, M.D.: My Debate With The DSM 5 Chair


My Debate With The DSM 5 Chair


Monday, June 25, 2012

Behavioral Criminology News Review - 1:37 PM 6/25/2012

Behavioral Criminology

News Review - 1:37 PM 6/25/2012







Evolution and Our Inner Conflict



The Stone
The Stone is a forum for contemporary philosophers on issues both timely and timeless.
Are human beings intrinsically good but corruptible by the forces of evil, or the reverse, innately sinful yet redeemable by the forces of good? Are we built to pledge our lives to a group, even to the risk of death, or the opposite, built to place ourselves and our families above all else? Scientific evidence, a good part of it accumulated during the past 20 years, suggests that we are all of these things simultaneously. Each of us is inherently complicated. We are all genetic chimeras, at once saints and sinners — not because humanity has failed to reach some foreordained religious or ideological ideal — but because of the way our species originated across millions of years of biological evolution.
Kin selection alone doesn’t adequately explain our complex natures.
Don’t get me wrong. I am not implying that we are driven by instinct in the manner of animals. Yet in order to understand the human condition, it is necessary to accept that we do have instincts, and will be wise to take into account our very distant ancestors, as far back and in as fine a detail as possible. History is not enough to reach this level of understanding. It stops at the dawn of literacy, where it turns the rest of the story over to the detective work of archaeology; in still deeper time the quest becomes paleontology. For the real human story, history makes no sense without prehistory, and prehistory makes no sense without biology.

Within biology itself, the key to the mystery is the force that lifted pre-human social behavior to the human level. The leading candidate in my judgment is multilevel selection by which hereditary social behavior improves the competitive ability not of just individuals within groups but among groups as a whole. Its consequences can be plainly seen in the caste systems of ants, termites and other social insects. Between-group selection as a force operating in addition to between-individual selection simultaneously is not a new idea in biology. Charles Darwin correctly deduced its role, first in the insects and then in human beings — respectively in “The Origin of the Species” and “The Descent of Man.”
Leif Parsons
Even so, the reader should be warned that the revival of multilevel selection as the principal force of social evolution remains a hotly contested idea. Its opponents believe the principal force to be kin selection: when individuals favor kin (other than offspring), the evolution of altruistic behavior is favored. The loss suffered by the genes of the altruist are compensated by genes in the recipient made identical by common descent of the altruist and recipient. If the altruism thus created is strong enough it can lead to advanced social behavior. This seems plausible, but in 2010 two mathematical biologists, Martin Nowak and Corina Tarnita, and I demonstrated that the mathematical foundations of the kin selection theory are unsound, and that examples from nature thought to support kin selection theory are better explained as products of multilevel selection.
A strong reaction from supporters of kin selection not surprisingly ensued, and soon afterward more than 130 of them famously signed on to protest our replacement of kin selection by multilevel selection, and most emphatically the key role given to group selection. But at no time have our mathematical and empirical arguments been refuted or even seriously challenged. Since that protest, the number of supporters of the multilevel selection approach has grown, to the extent that a similarly long list of signatories could be obtained. But such exercises are futile: science is not advanced by polling. If it were, we would still be releasing phlogiston to burn logs and navigating the sky with geocentric maps.
I am convinced after years of research on the subject that multilevel selection, with a powerful role of group-to-group competition, has forged advanced social behavior — including that of humans, as I documented in my recent book “The Social Conquest of Earth.” In fact, it seems clear that so deeply ingrained are the evolutionary products of group selected behaviors, so completely a part of the human condition, that we are prone to regard them as fixtures of nature, like air and water. They are instead idiosyncratic traits of our species. Among them is the intense, obsessive interest of people in other people, which begins in the first days of life as infants learn particular scents and sounds of the adults around them. Research psychologists have found that all normal humans are geniuses at reading the intentions of others, whereby they evaluate, gossip, proselytize, bond, cooperate and control. Each person, working his way back and forth through his social network, almost continuously reviews past experiences while imagining the consequences of future scenarios.
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A second diagnostic hereditary peculiarity of human behavior is the overpowering instinctual urge to belong to groups in the first place. To be kept in solitude is to be kept in pain, and put on the road to madness. A person’s membership in his group — his tribe — is a large part of his identity. It also confers upon him to some degree or other a sense of superiority. When psychologists selected teams at random from a population of volunteers to compete in simple games, members of each team soon came to think of members of other teams as less able and trustworthy, even when the participants knew they had been selected at random.
All things being equal (fortunately things are seldom equal, not exactly), people prefer to be with others who look like them, speak the same dialect, and hold the same beliefs An amplification of this evidently inborn predisposition leads with frightening ease to racism and religious bigotry.
It might be supposed that the human condition is so distinctive and came so late in the history of life on Earth as to suggest the hand of a divine creator. Yet in a critical sense the human achievement was not unique at all. Biologists have identified about two dozen evolutionary lines in the modern world fauna that attained advanced social life based on some degree of altruistic division of labor. Most arose in the insects. Several were independent origins, in marine shrimp, and three appeared among the mammals, that is, in two African mole rats, and us. All reached this level through the same narrow gateway: solitary individuals, or mated pairs, or small groups of individuals built nests and foraged from the nest for food with which they progressively raised their offspring to maturity.
Until about three million years ago the ancestors of Homo sapiens were mostly vegetarians, and they most likely wandered in groups from site to site where fruit, tubers, and other vegetable food could be harvested. Their brains were only slightly larger than those of modern chimpanzees. By no later than half a million years ago, however, groups of the ancestral species Homo erectus were maintaining campsites with controlled fire — the equivalent of nests — from which they foraged and returned with food, including a substantial portion of meat. Their brain size had increased to midsize, between that of chimpanzees and modern Homo sapiens. The trend appears to have begun one to two million years previously, when the earlier prehuman ancestor Homo habilis turned increasingly to meat in its diet. With groups crowded together at a single site, and an advantage added by cooperative nest building and hunting, social intelligence grew, along with the centers of memory and reasoning in the prefrontal cortex.
Probably at this point, during the habiline period, a conflict ensued between individual-level selection, with individuals competing with other individuals in the same group, versus group-level selection, with competition among groups. The latter force promoted altruism and cooperation among all the group members. It led to group-wide morality and a sense of conscience and honor. The competitor between the two forces can be succinctly expressed as follows: within groups selfish individuals beat altruistic individuals, but groups of altruists beat groups of selfish individuals. Or, risking oversimplification, individual selection promoted sin, while group selection promoted virtue.
So it appeared that humans are forever conflicted by their prehistory of multilevel selection. They are suspended in unstable and constantly changing locations between the two extreme forces that created us. We are unlikely to yield completely to either force as an ideal solution to our social and political turmoil. To yield completely to the instinctual urgings born from individual selection would dissolve society. To surrender to the urgings from group selection would turn us into angelic robots — students of insects call them ants.
The eternal conflict is not God’s test of humanity. It is not a machination of Satan. It is just the way things worked out. It might be the only way in the entire universe that human-level intelligence and social organization can evolve. We will find a way eventually to live with our inborn turmoil, and perhaps find pleasure in viewing it as a primary source of our creativity.



Edward O. Wilson
Edward O. Wilson is Honorary Curator in Entomology and University Research Professor Emeritus, Harvard University. He has received more than 100 awards for his research and writing, including the U. S. National Medal of Science, the Crafoord Prize and two Pulitzer Prizes in non-fiction. His most recent book is “The Social Conquest of Earth.”





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Publication year: 2012
Source:Journal of Criminal Justice
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Publication year: 2012
Source:Journal of Criminal Justice
Christy A. Visher, Daniel J. O'Connell
Purpose This paper expands the emerging literature on offenders’ self-perceptions by exploring prisoners’ perceptions as they are preparing to leave prison and return to the community. Research on the impact of imprisonment on reoffending suggests the need to focus on possible individual-level mechanisms that impact prisoner perceptions of life after release from prison. In particular, a greater understanding of the role of prison experiences in offending patterns necessarily requires attention to the perceptions and lived experiences of individuals. Methods Data for this paper were derived from self report surveys and interviews of 800 men and women preparing to leave prison. Descriptive and regression analyses were utilized. Results Results indicate that family support, having children, and in-prison substance abuse treatment increase optimism, while negative family influences (incarceration or drug use of family members), longer incarceration times, and a history of serious drug use reduce optimism about life after incarceration. Conclusions This study suggests that correctional policies that facilitate family support and offer substance abuse treatment during confinement appear to be important in increasing optimism among men and women returning to the community after incarceration.

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